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                    通过内存缓存来提升性能
            
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                    切片的复制与追加
            
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                    Map
            
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                    测试键值对是否存在及删除元素
            
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                    for-range 的配套用法
            
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                    将 map 的键值对调
            
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  <a href="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/09.3.html">
    
                    
                    锁和 sync 包
            
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</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.6.4" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/09.4.html">
  
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                    精密计算和 big 包
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.6.5" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/09.5.html">
  
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                    自定义包和可见性
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.6.6" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/09.6.html">
  
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                    为自定义包使用 godoc
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.6.7" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/09.7.html">
  
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                    使用 go install 安装自定义包
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.6.8" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/09.8.html">
  
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                    自定义包的目录结构、go install 和 go test
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.6.9" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/09.9.html">
  
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                    通过 Git 打包和安装
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.6.10" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/09.10.html">
  
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                    Go 的外部包和项目
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.6.11" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/09.11.html">
  
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                    在 Go 程序中使用外部库
            
    </a>
    

    
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    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.7" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/10.0.html">
  
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                    结构（struct）与方法（method）
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.7.1" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/10.1.html">
  
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                    结构体定义
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.7.2" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/10.2.html">
  
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                    使用工厂方法创建结构体实例
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.7.3" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/10.3.html">
  
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                    使用自定义包中的结构体
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.7.4" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/10.4.html">
  
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                    带标签的结构体
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.7.5" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/10.5.html">
  
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                    匿名字段和内嵌结构体
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.7.6" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/10.6.html">
  
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                    方法
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.7.7" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/10.7.html">
  
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                    类型的 String() 方法和格式化描述符
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.7.8" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/10.8.html">
  
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                    垃圾回收和 SetFinalizer
            
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</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.8" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/11.0.html">
  
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                    接口（interface）与反射（reflection）
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.8.1" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/11.1.html">
  
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                    接口是什么
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.8.2" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/11.2.html">
  
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                    接口嵌套接口
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.8.3" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/11.3.html">
  
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                    类型断言：如何检测和转换接口变量的类型
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.8.4" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/11.4.html">
  
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                    类型判断：type-switch
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.8.5" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/11.5.html">
  
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                    测试一个值是否实现了某个接口
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.8.6" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/11.6.html">
  
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                    使用方法集与接口
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.8.7" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/11.7.html">
  
  <a href="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/11.7.html">
    
                    
                    第一个例子：使用 Sorter 接口排序
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.8.8" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/11.8.html">
  
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                    第二个例子：读和写
            
    </a>
    

    
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.8.9" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/11.9.html">
  
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                    空接口
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.8.9.1" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/11.10.html">
  
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                    反射包
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.8.9.2" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/11.11.html">
  
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                    Printf 和反射
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.8.9.3" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/11.12.html">
  
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                    接口与动态类型
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.8.9.4" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/11.13.html">
  
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                    总结：Go 中的面向对象
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.8.9.5" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/11.14.html">
  
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                    结构体、集合和高阶函数
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4" >
  
      <span>
            
                    
                    第三部分：Go 高级编程
            
    </span>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.1" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/12.0.html">
  
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                    读写数据
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.1.1" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/12.1.html">
  
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                    读取用户的输入
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.1.2" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/12.2.html">
  
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                    文件读写
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.1.3" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/12.3.html">
  
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                    文件拷贝
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.1.4" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/12.4.html">
  
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                    从命令行读取参数
            
    </a>
    

    
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.1.5" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/12.5.html">
  
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                    用 buffer 读取文件
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.1.6" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/12.6.html">
  
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                    用切片读写文件
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.1.7" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/12.7.html">
  
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                    用 defer 关闭文件
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.1.8" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/12.8.html">
  
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                    使用接口的实际例子：fmt.Fprintf
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.1.9" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/12.9.html">
  
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                    格式化 JSON 数据
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.1.10" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/12.10.html">
  
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                    XML 数据格式
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.1.11" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/12.11.html">
  
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                    用 Gob 传输数据
            
    </a>
    

    
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.1.12" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/12.12.html">
  
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                    Go 中的密码学
            
    </a>
    

    
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    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.2" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/13.0.html">
  
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                    错误处理与测试
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.2.1" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/13.1.html">
  
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                    错误处理
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.2.2" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/13.2.html">
  
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                    运行时异常和 panic
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.2.3" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/13.3.html">
  
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                    从 panic 中恢复（Recover）
            
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</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.2.4" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/13.4.html">
  
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                    自定义包中的错误处理和 panicking
            
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</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.2.5" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/13.5.html">
  
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                    一种用闭包处理错误的模式
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.2.6" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/13.6.html">
  
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                    启动外部命令和程序
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.2.7" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/13.7.html">
  
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                    Go 中的单元测试和基准测试
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.2.8" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/13.8.html">
  
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                    测试的具体例子
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.2.9" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/13.9.html">
  
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                    用（测试数据）表驱动测试
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.2.10" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/13.10.html">
  
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                    性能调试：分析并优化 Go 程序
            
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</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3" data-path="../../gopl/">
  
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                    Go语言圣经
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.1" data-path="../../gopl/preface.html">
  
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                    前言
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.1.1" data-path="../../gopl/ch0/ch0-01.html">
  
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                    Go语言起源
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.1.2" data-path="../../gopl/ch0/ch0-02.html">
  
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                    Go语言项目
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.1.3" data-path="../../gopl/ch0/ch0-03.html">
  
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                    本书的组织
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.1.4" data-path="../../gopl/ch0/ch0-04.html">
  
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                    更多的信息
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.1.5" data-path="../../gopl/ch0/ch0-05.html">
  
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                    致谢
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2" data-path="../../gopl/ch1/ch1.html">
  
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                    入门
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.1" data-path="../../gopl/ch1/ch1-01.html">
  
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                    Hello, World
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.2" data-path="../../gopl/ch1/ch1-02.html">
  
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                    命令行参数
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.3" data-path="../../gopl/ch1/ch1-03.html">
  
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                    查找重复的行
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.4" data-path="../../gopl/ch1/ch1-04.html">
  
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                    GIF动画
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.5" data-path="../../gopl/ch1/ch1-05.html">
  
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                    获取URL
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.6" data-path="../../gopl/ch1/ch1-06.html">
  
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                    并发获取多个URL
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.7" data-path="../../gopl/ch1/ch1-07.html">
  
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                    Web服务
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.8" data-path="../../gopl/ch1/ch1-08.html">
  
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                    本章要点
            
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    </ul>
    
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.3" data-path="../../gopl/ch2/ch2.html">
  
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                    程序结构
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.3.1" data-path="../../gopl/ch2/ch2-01.html">
  
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                    命名
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.3.2" data-path="../../gopl/ch2/ch2-02.html">
  
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                    声明
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.3.3" data-path="../../gopl/ch2/ch2-03.html">
  
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                    变量
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.3.4" data-path="../../gopl/ch2/ch2-04.html">
  
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                    赋值
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.3.5" data-path="../../gopl/ch2/ch2-05.html">
  
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                    类型
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.3.6" data-path="../../gopl/ch2/ch2-06.html">
  
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                    包和文件
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.3.7" data-path="../../gopl/ch2/ch2-07.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch2/ch2-07.html">
    
                    
                    作用域
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.4" data-path="../../gopl/ch3/ch3.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch3/ch3.html">
    
                    
                    基础数据类型
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.4.1" data-path="../../gopl/ch3/ch3-01.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch3/ch3-01.html">
    
                    
                    整型
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.4.2" data-path="../../gopl/ch3/ch3-02.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch3/ch3-02.html">
    
                    
                    浮点数
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.4.3" data-path="../../gopl/ch3/ch3-03.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch3/ch3-03.html">
    
                    
                    复数
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.4.4" data-path="../../gopl/ch3/ch3-04.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch3/ch3-04.html">
    
                    
                    布尔型
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.4.5" data-path="../../gopl/ch3/ch3-05.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch3/ch3-05.html">
    
                    
                    字符串
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.4.6" data-path="../../gopl/ch3/ch3-06.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch3/ch3-06.html">
    
                    
                    常量
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.5" data-path="../../gopl/ch4/ch4.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch4/ch4.html">
    
                    
                    复合数据类型
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.5.1" data-path="../../gopl/ch4/ch4-01.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch4/ch4-01.html">
    
                    
                    数组
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.5.2" data-path="../../gopl/ch4/ch4-02.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch4/ch4-02.html">
    
                    
                    Slice
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.5.3" data-path="../../gopl/ch4/ch4-03.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch4/ch4-03.html">
    
                    
                    Map
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.5.4" data-path="../../gopl/ch4/ch4-04.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch4/ch4-04.html">
    
                    
                    结构体
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.5.5" data-path="../../gopl/ch4/ch4-05.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch4/ch4-05.html">
    
                    
                    JSON
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.5.6" data-path="../../gopl/ch4/ch4-06.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch4/ch4-06.html">
    
                    
                    文本和HTML模板
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.6" data-path="../../gopl/ch5/ch5.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch5/ch5.html">
    
                    
                    函数
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.6.1" data-path="../../gopl/ch5/ch5-01.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch5/ch5-01.html">
    
                    
                    函数声明
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.6.2" data-path="../../gopl/ch5/ch5-02.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch5/ch5-02.html">
    
                    
                    递归
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.6.3" data-path="../../gopl/ch5/ch5-03.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch5/ch5-03.html">
    
                    
                    多返回值
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.6.4" data-path="../../gopl/ch5/ch5-04.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch5/ch5-04.html">
    
                    
                    错误
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.6.5" data-path="../../gopl/ch5/ch5-05.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch5/ch5-05.html">
    
                    
                    函数值
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.6.6" data-path="../../gopl/ch5/ch5-06.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch5/ch5-06.html">
    
                    
                    匿名函数
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.6.7" data-path="../../gopl/ch5/ch5-07.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch5/ch5-07.html">
    
                    
                    可变参数
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.6.8" data-path="../../gopl/ch5/ch5-08.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch5/ch5-08.html">
    
                    
                    Deferred函数
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.6.9" data-path="../../gopl/ch5/ch5-09.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch5/ch5-09.html">
    
                    
                    Panic异常
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.6.10" data-path="../../gopl/ch5/ch5-10.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch5/ch5-10.html">
    
                    
                    Recover捕获异常
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.7" data-path="../../gopl/ch6/ch6.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch6/ch6.html">
    
                    
                    方法
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.7.1" data-path="../../gopl/ch6/ch6-01.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch6/ch6-01.html">
    
                    
                    方法声明
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.7.2" data-path="../../gopl/ch6/ch6-02.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch6/ch6-02.html">
    
                    
                    基于指针对象的方法
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.7.3" data-path="../../gopl/ch6/ch6-03.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch6/ch6-03.html">
    
                    
                    通过嵌入结构体来扩展类型
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.7.4" data-path="../../gopl/ch6/ch6-04.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch6/ch6-04.html">
    
                    
                    方法值和方法表达式
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.7.5" data-path="../../gopl/ch6/ch6-05.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch6/ch6-05.html">
    
                    
                    示例: Bit数组
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.7.6" data-path="../../gopl/ch6/ch6-06.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch6/ch6-06.html">
    
                    
                    封装
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.8" data-path="../../gopl/ch7/ch7.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch7/ch7.html">
    
                    
                    接口
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.8.1" data-path="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-01.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-01.html">
    
                    
                    接口是合约
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.8.2" data-path="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-02.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-02.html">
    
                    
                    接口类型
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.8.3" data-path="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-03.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-03.html">
    
                    
                    实现接口的条件
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.8.4" data-path="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-04.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-04.html">
    
                    
                    flag.Value接口
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.8.5" data-path="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-05.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-05.html">
    
                    
                    接口值
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.8.6" data-path="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-06.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-06.html">
    
                    
                    sort.Interface接口
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.8.7" data-path="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-07.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-07.html">
    
                    
                    http.Handler接口
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.8.8" data-path="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-08.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-08.html">
    
                    
                    error接口
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.8.9" data-path="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-09.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-09.html">
    
                    
                    示例: 表达式求值
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.8.10" data-path="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-10.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-10.html">
    
                    
                    类型断言
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.8.11" data-path="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-11.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-11.html">
    
                    
                    基于类型断言识别错误类型
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.8.12" data-path="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-12.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-12.html">
    
                    
                    通过类型断言查询接口
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.8.13" data-path="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-13.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-13.html">
    
                    
                    类型分支
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.8.14" data-path="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-14.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-14.html">
    
                    
                    示例: 基于标记的XML解码
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.8.15" data-path="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-15.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-15.html">
    
                    
                    补充几点
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.9" data-path="../../gopl/ch8/ch8.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch8/ch8.html">
    
                    
                    Goroutines和Channels
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.9.1" data-path="../../gopl/ch8/ch8-01.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch8/ch8-01.html">
    
                    
                    Goroutines
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.9.2" data-path="../../gopl/ch8/ch8-02.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch8/ch8-02.html">
    
                    
                    示例: 并发的Clock服务
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.9.3" data-path="../../gopl/ch8/ch8-03.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch8/ch8-03.html">
    
                    
                    示例: 并发的Echo服务
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.9.4" data-path="../../gopl/ch8/ch8-04.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch8/ch8-04.html">
    
                    
                    Channels
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.9.5" data-path="../../gopl/ch8/ch8-05.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch8/ch8-05.html">
    
                    
                    并发的循环
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.9.6" data-path="../../gopl/ch8/ch8-06.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch8/ch8-06.html">
    
                    
                    示例: 并发的Web爬虫
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.9.7" data-path="../../gopl/ch8/ch8-07.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch8/ch8-07.html">
    
                    
                    基于select的多路复用
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.9.8" data-path="../../gopl/ch8/ch8-08.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch8/ch8-08.html">
    
                    
                    示例: 并发的目录遍历
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.9.9" data-path="../../gopl/ch8/ch8-09.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch8/ch8-09.html">
    
                    
                    并发的退出
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.9.10" data-path="../../gopl/ch8/ch8-10.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch8/ch8-10.html">
    
                    
                    示例: 聊天服务
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.10" data-path="../../gopl/ch9/ch9.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch9/ch9.html">
    
                    
                    基于共享变量的并发
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.10.1" data-path="../../gopl/ch9/ch9-01.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch9/ch9-01.html">
    
                    
                    竞争条件
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.10.2" data-path="../../gopl/ch9/ch9-02.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch9/ch9-02.html">
    
                    
                    sync.Mutex互斥锁
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.10.3" data-path="../../gopl/ch9/ch9-03.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch9/ch9-03.html">
    
                    
                    sync.RWMutex读写锁
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.10.4" data-path="../../gopl/ch9/ch9-04.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch9/ch9-04.html">
    
                    
                    内存同步
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.10.5" data-path="../../gopl/ch9/ch9-05.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch9/ch9-05.html">
    
                    
                    sync.Once惰性初始化
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.10.6" data-path="../../gopl/ch9/ch9-06.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch9/ch9-06.html">
    
                    
                    竞争条件检测
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.10.7" data-path="../../gopl/ch9/ch9-07.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch9/ch9-07.html">
    
                    
                    示例: 并发的非阻塞缓存
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.10.8" data-path="../../gopl/ch9/ch9-08.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch9/ch9-08.html">
    
                    
                    Goroutines和线程
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.11" data-path="../../gopl/ch10/ch10.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch10/ch10.html">
    
                    
                    包和工具
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.11.1" data-path="../../gopl/ch10/ch10-01.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch10/ch10-01.html">
    
                    
                    包简介
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.11.2" data-path="../../gopl/ch10/ch10-02.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch10/ch10-02.html">
    
                    
                    导入路径
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.11.3" data-path="../../gopl/ch10/ch10-03.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch10/ch10-03.html">
    
                    
                    包声明
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.11.4" data-path="../../gopl/ch10/ch10-04.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch10/ch10-04.html">
    
                    
                    导入声明
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.11.5" data-path="../../gopl/ch10/ch10-05.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch10/ch10-05.html">
    
                    
                    包的匿名导入
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.11.6" data-path="../../gopl/ch10/ch10-06.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch10/ch10-06.html">
    
                    
                    包和命名
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.11.7" data-path="../../gopl/ch10/ch10-07.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch10/ch10-07.html">
    
                    
                    工具
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.12" data-path="../../gopl/ch11/ch11.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch11/ch11.html">
    
                    
                    测试
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.12.1" data-path="../../gopl/ch11/ch11-01.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch11/ch11-01.html">
    
                    
                    go test
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.12.2" data-path="../../gopl/ch11/ch11-02.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch11/ch11-02.html">
    
                    
                    测试函数
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.12.3" data-path="../../gopl/ch11/ch11-03.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch11/ch11-03.html">
    
                    
                    测试覆盖率
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.12.4" data-path="../../gopl/ch11/ch11-04.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch11/ch11-04.html">
    
                    
                    基准测试
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.12.5" data-path="../../gopl/ch11/ch11-05.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch11/ch11-05.html">
    
                    
                    剖析
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.12.6" data-path="../../gopl/ch11/ch11-06.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch11/ch11-06.html">
    
                    
                    示例函数
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.13" data-path="../../gopl/ch12/ch12.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch12/ch12.html">
    
                    
                    反射
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.13.1" data-path="../../gopl/ch12/ch12-01.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch12/ch12-01.html">
    
                    
                    为何需要反射?
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.13.2" data-path="../../gopl/ch12/ch12-02.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch12/ch12-02.html">
    
                    
                    reflect.Type和reflect.Value
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.13.3" data-path="../../gopl/ch12/ch12-03.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch12/ch12-03.html">
    
                    
                    Display递归打印
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.13.4" data-path="../../gopl/ch12/ch12-04.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch12/ch12-04.html">
    
                    
                    示例: 编码S表达式
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.13.5" data-path="../../gopl/ch12/ch12-05.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch12/ch12-05.html">
    
                    
                    通过reflect.Value修改值
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.13.6" data-path="../../gopl/ch12/ch12-06.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch12/ch12-06.html">
    
                    
                    示例: 解码S表达式
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.13.7" data-path="../../gopl/ch12/ch12-07.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch12/ch12-07.html">
    
                    
                    获取结构体字段标签
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.13.8" data-path="../../gopl/ch12/ch12-08.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch12/ch12-08.html">
    
                    
                    显示一个类型的方法集
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.13.9" data-path="../../gopl/ch12/ch12-09.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch12/ch12-09.html">
    
                    
                    几点忠告
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.14" data-path="../../gopl/ch13/ch13.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch13/ch13.html">
    
                    
                    底层编程
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.14.1" data-path="../../gopl/ch13/ch13-01.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch13/ch13-01.html">
    
                    
                    unsafe.Sizeof, Alignof 和 Offsetof
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.14.2" data-path="../../gopl/ch13/ch13-02.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch13/ch13-02.html">
    
                    
                    unsafe.Pointer
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.14.3" data-path="../../gopl/ch13/ch13-03.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch13/ch13-03.html">
    
                    
                    示例: 深度相等判断
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.14.4" data-path="../../gopl/ch13/ch13-04.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch13/ch13-04.html">
    
                    
                    通过cgo调用C代码
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.14.5" data-path="../../gopl/ch13/ch13-05.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch13/ch13-05.html">
    
                    
                    几点忠告
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.15" data-path="../../gopl/appendix/appendix.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/appendix/appendix.html">
    
                    
                    附录
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.15.1" data-path="../../gopl/appendix/appendix-a-errata.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/appendix/appendix-a-errata.html">
    
                    
                    附录A：原文勘误
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.15.2" data-path="../../gopl/appendix/appendix-b-author.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/appendix/appendix-b-author.html">
    
                    
                    附录B：作者译者
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.15.3" data-path="../../gopl/appendix/appendix-c-cpoyright.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/appendix/appendix-c-cpoyright.html">
    
                    
                    附录C：译文授权
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.15.4" data-path="../../gopl/appendix/appendix-d-translations.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/appendix/appendix-d-translations.html">
    
                    
                    附录D：其它语言
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/">
    
                    
                    Go Web 编程
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/01.0.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/01.0.html">
    
                    
                    Go环境配置
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.1" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/01.1.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/01.1.html">
    
                    
                    Go安装
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.2" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/01.2.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/01.2.html">
    
                    
                    GOPATH 与工作空间
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.3" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/01.3.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/01.3.html">
    
                    
                    Go 命令
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.4" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/01.4.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/01.4.html">
    
                    
                    Go开发工具
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.5" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/01.5.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/01.5.html">
    
                    
                    小结
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.0.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.0.html">
    
                    
                    Go语言基础
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.1" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.1.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.1.html">
    
                    
                    你好，Go
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.2" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.2.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.2.html">
    
                    
                    Go基础
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.3" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.3.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.3.html">
    
                    
                    流程和函数
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.4" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.4.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.4.html">
    
                    
                    struct
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.5" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.5.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.5.html">
    
                    
                    面向对象
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.6" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.6.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.6.html">
    
                    
                    interface
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.7" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.7.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.7.html">
    
                    
                    并发
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.8" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.8.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.8.html">
    
                    
                    小结
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/03.0.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/03.0.html">
    
                    
                    Web基础
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.1" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/03.1.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/03.1.html">
    
                    
                    web工作方式
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.2" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/03.2.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/03.2.html">
    
                    
                    Go搭建一个简单的web服务
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.3" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/03.3.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/03.3.html">
    
                    
                    Go如何使得web工作
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.4" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/03.4.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/03.4.html">
    
                    
                    Go的http包详解
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.5" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/03.5.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/03.5.html">
    
                    
                    小结
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/04.0.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/04.0.html">
    
                    
                    表单
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4.1" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/04.1.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/04.1.html">
    
                    
                    处理表单的输入
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4.2" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/04.2.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/04.2.html">
    
                    
                    验证表单的输入
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4.3" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/04.3.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/04.3.html">
    
                    
                    预防跨站脚本
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4.4" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/04.4.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/04.4.html">
    
                    
                    防止多次递交表单
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4.5" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/04.5.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/04.5.html">
    
                    
                    处理文件上传
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4.6" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/04.6.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/04.6.html">
    
                    
                    小结
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.5" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/05.0.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/05.0.html">
    
                    
                    访问数据库
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.5.1" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/05.1.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/05.1.html">
    
                    
                    database/sql接口
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.5.2" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/05.2.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/05.2.html">
    
                    
                    使用MySQL数据库
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.5.3" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/05.3.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/05.3.html">
    
                    
                    使用SQLite数据库
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.5.4" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/05.4.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/05.4.html">
    
                    
                    使用PostgreSQL数据库
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.5.5" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/05.5.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/05.5.html">
    
                    
                    使用beedb库进行ORM开发
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.5.6" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/05.6.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/05.6.html">
    
                    
                    NOSQL数据库操作
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.5.7" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/05.7.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/05.7.html">
    
                    
                    小结
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.6" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/06.0.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/06.0.html">
    
                    
                    session和数据存储
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.6.1" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/06.1.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/06.1.html">
    
                    
                    session和cookie
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.6.2" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/06.2.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/06.2.html">
    
                    
                    Go如何使用session
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.6.3" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/06.3.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/06.3.html">
    
                    
                    session存储
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.6.4" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/06.4.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/06.4.html">
    
                    
                    预防session劫持
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.6.5" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/06.5.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/06.5.html">
    
                    
                    小结
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.7" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/07.0.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/07.0.html">
    
                    
                    文本文件处理
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.7.1" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/07.1.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/07.1.html">
    
                    
                    XML处理
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.7.2" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/07.2.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/07.2.html">
    
                    
                    JSON处理
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.7.3" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/07.3.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/07.3.html">
    
                    
                    正则处理
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.7.4" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/07.4.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/07.4.html">
    
                    
                    模板处理
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.7.5" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/07.5.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/07.5.html">
    
                    
                    文件操作
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.7.6" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/07.6.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/07.6.html">
    
                    
                    字符串处理
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.7.7" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/07.7.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/07.7.html">
    
                    
                    小结
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.8" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/08.0.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/08.0.html">
    
                    
                    Web服务
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.8.1" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/08.1.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/08.1.html">
    
                    
                    Socket编程
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.8.2" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/08.2.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/08.2.html">
    
                    
                    WebSocket
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.8.3" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/08.3.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/08.3.html">
    
                    
                    REST
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.8.4" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/08.4.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/08.4.html">
    
                    
                    RPC
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.8.5" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/08.5.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/08.5.html">
    
                    
                    小结
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.9" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/09.0.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/09.0.html">
    
                    
                    安全与加密
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.9.1" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/09.1.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/09.1.html">
    
                    
                    预防CSRF攻击
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.9.2" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/09.2.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/09.2.html">
    
                    
                    确保输入过滤
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.9.3" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/09.3.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/09.3.html">
    
                    
                    避免XSS攻击
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.9.4" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/09.4.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/09.4.html">
    
                    
                    避免SQL注入
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.9.5" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/09.5.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/09.5.html">
    
                    
                    存储密码
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.9.6" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/09.6.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/09.6.html">
    
                    
                    加密和解密数据
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.9.7" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/09.7.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/09.7.html">
    
                    
                    小结
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.10" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/10.0.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/10.0.html">
    
                    
                    国际化和本地化
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.10.1" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/10.1.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/10.1.html">
    
                    
                    设置默认地区
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.10.2" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/10.2.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/10.2.html">
    
                    
                    本地化资源
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.10.3" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/10.3.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/10.3.html">
    
                    
                    国际化站点
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.10.4" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/10.4.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/10.4.html">
    
                    
                    小结
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.11" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/11.0.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/11.0.html">
    
                    
                    错误处理，调试和测试
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.11.1" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/11.1.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/11.1.html">
    
                    
                    错误处理
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.11.2" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/11.2.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/11.2.html">
    
                    
                    使用GDB调试
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.11.3" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/11.3.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/11.3.html">
    
                    
                    Go怎么写测试用例
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.11.4" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/11.4.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/11.4.html">
    
                    
                    小结
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.12" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/12.0.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/12.0.html">
    
                    
                    部署与维护
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.12.1" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/12.1.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/12.1.html">
    
                    
                    应用日志
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.12.2" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/12.2.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/12.2.html">
    
                    
                    网站错误处理
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.12.3" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/12.3.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/12.3.html">
    
                    
                    应用部署
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.12.4" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/12.4.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/12.4.html">
    
                    
                    备份和恢复
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.12.5" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/12.5.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/12.5.html">
    
                    
                    小结
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.13" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/13.0.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/13.0.html">
    
                    
                    如何设计一个Web框架
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.13.1" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/13.1.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/13.1.html">
    
                    
                    项目规划
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.13.2" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/13.2.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/13.2.html">
    
                    
                    自定义路由器设计
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.13.3" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/13.3.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/13.3.html">
    
                    
                    controller设计
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.13.4" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/13.4.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/13.4.html">
    
                    
                    日志和配置设计
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.13.5" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/13.5.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/13.5.html">
    
                    
                    实现博客的增删改
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.13.6" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/13.6.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/13.6.html">
    
                    
                    小结
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.14" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/14.0.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/14.0.html">
    
                    
                    扩展Web框架
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.14.1" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/14.1.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/14.1.html">
    
                    
                    静态文件支持
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.14.2" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/14.2.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/14.2.html">
    
                    
                    Session支持
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.14.3" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/14.3.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/14.3.html">
    
                    
                    表单支持
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.14.4" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/14.4.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/14.4.html">
    
                    
                    用户认证
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.14.5" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/14.5.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/14.5.html">
    
                    
                    多语言支持
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.14.6" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/14.6.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/14.6.html">
    
                    
                    pprof支持
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.14.7" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/14.7.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/14.7.html">
    
                    
                    小结
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.15" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/ref.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/ref.html">
    
                    
                    参考资料
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5" data-path="../">
  
  <a href="../">
    
                    
                    Go语言高级编程
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1" data-path="readme.html">
  
  <a href="readme.html">
    
                    
                    第1章 语言基础
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.1" data-path="ch1-01-genesis.html">
  
  <a href="ch1-01-genesis.html">
    
                    
                    1.1 Go语言创世纪
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.2" data-path="ch1-02-hello-revolution.html">
  
  <a href="ch1-02-hello-revolution.html">
    
                    
                    1.2 Hello, World 的革命
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.3" data-path="ch1-03-array-string-and-slice.html">
  
  <a href="ch1-03-array-string-and-slice.html">
    
                    
                    1.3 数组、字符串和切片
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.4" data-path="ch1-04-func-method-interface.html">
  
  <a href="ch1-04-func-method-interface.html">
    
                    
                    1.4 函数、方法和接口
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.5" data-path="ch1-05-mem.html">
  
  <a href="ch1-05-mem.html">
    
                    
                    1.5 面向并发的内存模型
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter active" data-level="1.5.1.6" data-path="ch1-06-goroutine.html">
  
  <a href="ch1-06-goroutine.html">
    
                    
                    1.6 常见的并发模式
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.7" data-path="ch1-07-error-and-panic.html">
  
  <a href="ch1-07-error-and-panic.html">
    
                    
                    1.7 错误和异常
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.8" data-path="ch1-08-ext.html">
  
  <a href="ch1-08-ext.html">
    
                    
                    1.8 补充说明
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2" data-path="../ch2-cgo/readme.html">
  
  <a href="../ch2-cgo/readme.html">
    
                    
                    第2章 CGO编程
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.1" data-path="../ch2-cgo/ch2-01-hello-cgo.html">
  
  <a href="../ch2-cgo/ch2-01-hello-cgo.html">
    
                    
                    2.1 快速入门
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.2" data-path="../ch2-cgo/ch2-02-basic.html">
  
  <a href="../ch2-cgo/ch2-02-basic.html">
    
                    
                    2.2 CGO基础
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.3" data-path="../ch2-cgo/ch2-03-cgo-types.html">
  
  <a href="../ch2-cgo/ch2-03-cgo-types.html">
    
                    
                    2.3 类型转换
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.4" data-path="../ch2-cgo/ch2-04-func.html">
  
  <a href="../ch2-cgo/ch2-04-func.html">
    
                    
                    2.4 函数调用
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.5" data-path="../ch2-cgo/ch2-05-internal.html">
  
  <a href="../ch2-cgo/ch2-05-internal.html">
    
                    
                    2.5 内部机制
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.6" data-path="../ch2-cgo/ch2-06-qsort.html">
  
  <a href="../ch2-cgo/ch2-06-qsort.html">
    
                    
                    2.6 实战: 封装qsort
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.7" data-path="../ch2-cgo/ch2-07-memory.html">
  
  <a href="../ch2-cgo/ch2-07-memory.html">
    
                    
                    2.7 CGO内存模型
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.8" data-path="../ch2-cgo/ch2-08-class.html">
  
  <a href="../ch2-cgo/ch2-08-class.html">
    
                    
                    2.8 C++类包装
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.9" data-path="../ch2-cgo/ch2-09-static-shared-lib.html">
  
  <a href="../ch2-cgo/ch2-09-static-shared-lib.html">
    
                    
                    2.9 静态库和动态库
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.10" data-path="../ch2-cgo/ch2-10-link.html">
  
  <a href="../ch2-cgo/ch2-10-link.html">
    
                    
                    2.10 编译和链接参数
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.11" data-path="../ch2-cgo/ch2-11-ext.html">
  
  <a href="../ch2-cgo/ch2-11-ext.html">
    
                    
                    2.11 补充说明
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3" data-path="../ch3-asm/readme.html">
  
  <a href="../ch3-asm/readme.html">
    
                    
                    第3章 汇编语言
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3.1" data-path="../ch3-asm/ch3-01-basic.html">
  
  <a href="../ch3-asm/ch3-01-basic.html">
    
                    
                    3.1 快速入门
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3.2" data-path="../ch3-asm/ch3-02-arch.html">
  
  <a href="../ch3-asm/ch3-02-arch.html">
    
                    
                    3.2 计算机结构
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3.3" data-path="../ch3-asm/ch3-03-const-and-var.html">
  
  <a href="../ch3-asm/ch3-03-const-and-var.html">
    
                    
                    3.3 常量和全局变量
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3.4" data-path="../ch3-asm/ch3-04-func.html">
  
  <a href="../ch3-asm/ch3-04-func.html">
    
                    
                    3.4 函数
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3.5" data-path="../ch3-asm/ch3-05-control-flow.html">
  
  <a href="../ch3-asm/ch3-05-control-flow.html">
    
                    
                    3.5 控制流
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3.6" data-path="../ch3-asm/ch3-06-func-again.html">
  
  <a href="../ch3-asm/ch3-06-func-again.html">
    
                    
                    3.6 再论函数
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3.7" data-path="../ch3-asm/ch3-07-hack-asm.html">
  
  <a href="../ch3-asm/ch3-07-hack-asm.html">
    
                    
                    3.7 汇编语言的威力
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3.8" data-path="../ch3-asm/ch3-08-goroutine-id.html">
  
  <a href="../ch3-asm/ch3-08-goroutine-id.html">
    
                    
                    3.8 例子：Goroutine ID
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3.9" data-path="../ch3-asm/ch3-09-debug.html">
  
  <a href="../ch3-asm/ch3-09-debug.html">
    
                    
                    3.9 Delve调试器
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3.10" data-path="../ch3-asm/ch3-10-ext.html">
  
  <a href="../ch3-asm/ch3-10-ext.html">
    
                    
                    3.10 补充说明
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.4" data-path="../ch4-rpc/readme.html">
  
  <a href="../ch4-rpc/readme.html">
    
                    
                    第4章 RPC和Protobuf
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.4.1" data-path="../ch4-rpc/ch4-01-rpc-intro.html">
  
  <a href="../ch4-rpc/ch4-01-rpc-intro.html">
    
                    
                    4.1 RPC入门
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.4.2" data-path="../ch4-rpc/ch4-02-pb-intro.html">
  
  <a href="../ch4-rpc/ch4-02-pb-intro.html">
    
                    
                    4.2 Protobuf
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.4.3" data-path="../ch4-rpc/ch4-03-netrpc-hack.html">
  
  <a href="../ch4-rpc/ch4-03-netrpc-hack.html">
    
                    
                    4.3 玩转RPC
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.4.4" data-path="../ch4-rpc/ch4-04-grpc.html">
  
  <a href="../ch4-rpc/ch4-04-grpc.html">
    
                    
                    4.4 GRPC入门
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.4.5" data-path="../ch4-rpc/ch4-05-grpc-hack.html">
  
  <a href="../ch4-rpc/ch4-05-grpc-hack.html">
    
                    
                    4.5 GRPC进阶
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.4.6" data-path="../ch4-rpc/ch4-06-grpc-ext.html">
  
  <a href="../ch4-rpc/ch4-06-grpc-ext.html">
    
                    
                    4.6 GRPC和Protobuf扩展
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.4.7" data-path="../ch4-rpc/ch4-07-pbgo.html">
  
  <a href="../ch4-rpc/ch4-07-pbgo.html">
    
                    
                    4.7 pbgo: 基于Protobuf的框架
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.4.8" data-path="../ch4-rpc/ch4-08-grpcurl.html">
  
  <a href="../ch4-rpc/ch4-08-grpcurl.html">
    
                    
                    4.8 grpcurl工具
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.4.9" data-path="../ch4-rpc/ch4-09-ext.html">
  
  <a href="../ch4-rpc/ch4-09-ext.html">
    
                    
                    4.9 补充说明
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.5" data-path="../ch5-web/readme.html">
  
  <a href="../ch5-web/readme.html">
    
                    
                    第5章 Go和Web
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.5.1" data-path="../ch5-web/ch5-01-introduction.html">
  
  <a href="../ch5-web/ch5-01-introduction.html">
    
                    
                    5.1 Web开发简介
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.5.2" data-path="../ch5-web/ch5-02-router.html">
  
  <a href="../ch5-web/ch5-02-router.html">
    
                    
                    5.2 Router请求路由
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.5.3" data-path="../ch5-web/ch5-03-middleware.html">
  
  <a href="../ch5-web/ch5-03-middleware.html">
    
                    
                    5.3 Middleware中间件
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.5.4" data-path="../ch5-web/ch5-04-validator.html">
  
  <a href="../ch5-web/ch5-04-validator.html">
    
                    
                    5.4 Validator请求校验
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.5.5" data-path="../ch5-web/ch5-05-database.html">
  
  <a href="../ch5-web/ch5-05-database.html">
    
                    
                    5.5 Database和数据库打交道
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.5.6" data-path="../ch5-web/ch5-06-ratelimit.html">
  
  <a href="../ch5-web/ch5-06-ratelimit.html">
    
                    
                    5.6 Ratelimit 服务流量限制
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.5.7" data-path="../ch5-web/ch5-07-layout-of-web-project.html">
  
  <a href="../ch5-web/ch5-07-layout-of-web-project.html">
    
                    
                    5.7 Layout大型web项目分层
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.5.8" data-path="../ch5-web/ch5-08-interface-and-web.html">
  
  <a href="../ch5-web/ch5-08-interface-and-web.html">
    
                    
                    5.8 interface 和 table-driven 开发
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.5.9" data-path="../ch5-web/ch5-09-gated-launch.html">
  
  <a href="../ch5-web/ch5-09-gated-launch.html">
    
                    
                    5.9 灰度发布和 A/B test
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.5.10" data-path="../ch5-web/ch5-10-ext.html">
  
  <a href="../ch5-web/ch5-10-ext.html">
    
                    
                    5.10 补充说明
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.6" data-path="../ch6-cloud/readme.html">
  
  <a href="../ch6-cloud/readme.html">
    
                    
                    第6章 分布式系统
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.6.1" data-path="../ch6-cloud/ch6-01-dist-id.html">
  
  <a href="../ch6-cloud/ch6-01-dist-id.html">
    
                    
                    6.1 分布式 id 生成器
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.6.2" data-path="../ch6-cloud/ch6-02-lock.html">
  
  <a href="../ch6-cloud/ch6-02-lock.html">
    
                    
                    6.2 分布式锁
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.6.3" data-path="../ch6-cloud/ch6-03-delay-job.html">
  
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                    6.3 延时任务系统
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.6.4" data-path="../ch6-cloud/ch6-04-search-engine.html">
  
  <a href="../ch6-cloud/ch6-04-search-engine.html">
    
                    
                    6.4 分布式搜索引擎
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.6.5" data-path="../ch6-cloud/ch6-05-load-balance.html">
  
  <a href="../ch6-cloud/ch6-05-load-balance.html">
    
                    
                    6.5 负载均衡
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.6.6" data-path="../ch6-cloud/ch6-06-config.html">
  
  <a href="../ch6-cloud/ch6-06-config.html">
    
                    
                    6.6 分布式配置管理
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.6.7" data-path="../ch6-cloud/ch6-07-crawler.html">
  
  <a href="../ch6-cloud/ch6-07-crawler.html">
    
                    
                    6.7 分布式爬虫
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.6.8" data-path="../ch6-cloud/ch6-08-ext.html">
  
  <a href="../ch6-cloud/ch6-08-ext.html">
    
                    
                    6.8 补充说明
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.7" data-path="../appendix/readme.html">
  
  <a href="../appendix/readme.html">
    
                    
                    附录
            
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    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.7.1" data-path="../appendix/appendix-a-trap.html">
  
  <a href="../appendix/appendix-a-trap.html">
    
                    
                    附录A: Go语言常见坑
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.7.2" data-path="../appendix/appendix-b-gems.html">
  
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                    附录B: 有趣的代码片段
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.7.3" data-path="../appendix/appendix-c-author.html">
  
  <a href="../appendix/appendix-c-author.html">
    
                    
                    附录C: 作者简介
            
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</li>


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                                <h1 id="16-&#x5E38;&#x89C1;&#x7684;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x6A21;&#x5F0F;">1.6 &#x5E38;&#x89C1;&#x7684;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x6A21;&#x5F0F;</h1>
<p>Go&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x6700;&#x5438;&#x5F15;&#x4EBA;&#x7684;&#x5730;&#x65B9;&#x662F;&#x5B83;&#x5185;&#x5EFA;&#x7684;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x652F;&#x6301;&#x3002;Go&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x4F53;&#x7CFB;&#x7684;&#x7406;&#x8BBA;&#x662F;C.A.R Hoare&#x5728;1978&#x5E74;&#x63D0;&#x51FA;&#x7684;CSP&#xFF08;Communicating Sequential Process&#xFF0C;&#x901A;&#x8BAF;&#x987A;&#x5E8F;&#x8FDB;&#x7A0B;&#xFF09;&#x3002;CSP&#x6709;&#x7740;&#x7CBE;&#x786E;&#x7684;&#x6570;&#x5B66;&#x6A21;&#x578B;&#xFF0C;&#x5E76;&#x5B9E;&#x9645;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x5728;&#x4E86;Hoare&#x53C2;&#x4E0E;&#x8BBE;&#x8BA1;&#x7684;T9000&#x901A;&#x7528;&#x8BA1;&#x7B97;&#x673A;&#x4E0A;&#x3002;&#x4ECE;NewSqueak&#x3001;Alef&#x3001;Limbo&#x5230;&#x73B0;&#x5728;&#x7684;Go&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#xFF0C;&#x5BF9;&#x4E8E;&#x5BF9;CSP&#x6709;&#x7740;20&#x591A;&#x5E74;&#x5B9E;&#x6218;&#x7ECF;&#x9A8C;&#x7684;Rob Pike&#x6765;&#x8BF4;&#xFF0C;&#x4ED6;&#x66F4;&#x5173;&#x6CE8;&#x7684;&#x662F;&#x5C06;CSP&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x5728;&#x901A;&#x7528;&#x7F16;&#x7A0B;&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x4E0A;&#x4EA7;&#x751F;&#x7684;&#x6F5C;&#x529B;&#x3002;&#x4F5C;&#x4E3A;Go&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x7F16;&#x7A0B;&#x6838;&#x5FC3;&#x7684;CSP&#x7406;&#x8BBA;&#x7684;&#x6838;&#x5FC3;&#x6982;&#x5FF5;&#x53EA;&#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#xFF1A;&#x540C;&#x6B65;&#x901A;&#x4FE1;&#x3002;&#x5173;&#x4E8E;&#x540C;&#x6B65;&#x901A;&#x4FE1;&#x7684;&#x8BDD;&#x9898;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5728;&#x524D;&#x9762;&#x4E00;&#x8282;&#x5DF2;&#x7ECF;&#x8BB2;&#x8FC7;&#xFF0C;&#x672C;&#x8282;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5C06;&#x7B80;&#x5355;&#x4ECB;&#x7ECD;&#x4E0B;Go&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x4E2D;&#x5E38;&#x89C1;&#x7684;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x6A21;&#x5F0F;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x9996;&#x5148;&#x8981;&#x660E;&#x786E;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x6982;&#x5FF5;&#xFF1A;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x4E0D;&#x662F;&#x5E76;&#x884C;&#x3002;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x66F4;&#x5173;&#x6CE8;&#x7684;&#x662F;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x7684;&#x8BBE;&#x8BA1;&#x5C42;&#x9762;&#xFF0C;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x7684;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x5B8C;&#x5168;&#x662F;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x987A;&#x5E8F;&#x6267;&#x884C;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;&#x53EA;&#x6709;&#x5728;&#x771F;&#x6B63;&#x7684;&#x591A;&#x6838;CPU&#x4E0A;&#x624D;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x771F;&#x6B63;&#x5730;&#x540C;&#x65F6;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x3002;&#x5E76;&#x884C;&#x66F4;&#x5173;&#x6CE8;&#x7684;&#x662F;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x7684;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x5C42;&#x9762;&#xFF0C;&#x5E76;&#x884C;&#x4E00;&#x822C;&#x662F;&#x7B80;&#x5355;&#x7684;&#x5927;&#x91CF;&#x91CD;&#x590D;&#xFF0C;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;GPU&#x4E2D;&#x5BF9;&#x56FE;&#x50CF;&#x5904;&#x7406;&#x90FD;&#x4F1A;&#x6709;&#x5927;&#x91CF;&#x7684;&#x5E76;&#x884C;&#x8FD0;&#x7B97;&#x3002;&#x4E3A;&#x66F4;&#x597D;&#x7684;&#x7F16;&#x5199;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#xFF0C;&#x4ECE;&#x8BBE;&#x8BA1;&#x4E4B;&#x521D;Go&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x5C31;&#x6CE8;&#x91CD;&#x5982;&#x4F55;&#x5728;&#x7F16;&#x7A0B;&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x5C42;&#x7EA7;&#x4E0A;&#x8BBE;&#x8BA1;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x7B80;&#x6D01;&#x5B89;&#x5168;&#x9AD8;&#x6548;&#x7684;&#x62BD;&#x8C61;&#x6A21;&#x578B;&#xFF0C;&#x8BA9;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x5458;&#x4E13;&#x6CE8;&#x4E8E;&#x5206;&#x89E3;&#x95EE;&#x9898;&#x548C;&#x7EC4;&#x5408;&#x65B9;&#x6848;&#xFF0C;&#x800C;&#x4E14;&#x4E0D;&#x7528;&#x88AB;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x7BA1;&#x7406;&#x548C;&#x4FE1;&#x53F7;&#x4E92;&#x65A5;&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;&#x7E41;&#x7410;&#x7684;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x5206;&#x6563;&#x7CBE;&#x529B;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5728;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x7F16;&#x7A0B;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x5BF9;&#x5171;&#x4EAB;&#x8D44;&#x6E90;&#x7684;&#x6B63;&#x786E;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x7CBE;&#x786E;&#x7684;&#x63A7;&#x5236;&#xFF0C;&#x5728;&#x76EE;&#x524D;&#x7684;&#x7EDD;&#x5927;&#x591A;&#x6570;&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x90FD;&#x662F;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x52A0;&#x9501;&#x7B49;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x540C;&#x6B65;&#x65B9;&#x6848;&#x6765;&#x89E3;&#x51B3;&#x8FD9;&#x4E00;&#x56F0;&#x96BE;&#x95EE;&#x9898;&#xFF0C;&#x800C;Go&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x5374;&#x53E6;&#x8F9F;&#x8E4A;&#x5F84;&#xFF0C;&#x5B83;&#x5C06;&#x5171;&#x4EAB;&#x7684;&#x503C;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;Channel&#x4F20;&#x9012;(&#x5B9E;&#x9645;&#x4E0A;&#x591A;&#x4E2A;&#x72EC;&#x7ACB;&#x6267;&#x884C;&#x7684;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x5F88;&#x5C11;&#x4E3B;&#x52A8;&#x5171;&#x4EAB;&#x8D44;&#x6E90;)&#x3002;&#x5728;&#x4EFB;&#x610F;&#x7ED9;&#x5B9A;&#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x523B;&#xFF0C;&#x6700;&#x597D;&#x53EA;&#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;Goroutine&#x80FD;&#x591F;&#x62E5;&#x6709;&#x8BE5;&#x8D44;&#x6E90;&#x3002;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x7ADE;&#x4E89;&#x4ECE;&#x8BBE;&#x8BA1;&#x5C42;&#x9762;&#x4E0A;&#x5C31;&#x88AB;&#x675C;&#x7EDD;&#x4E86;&#x3002;&#x4E3A;&#x4E86;&#x63D0;&#x5021;&#x8FD9;&#x79CD;&#x601D;&#x8003;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#xFF0C;Go&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x5C06;&#x5176;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x7F16;&#x7A0B;&#x54F2;&#x5B66;&#x5316;&#x4E3A;&#x4E00;&#x53E5;&#x53E3;&#x53F7;&#xFF1A;</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Do not communicate by sharing memory; instead, share memory by communicating.</p>
<p>&#x4E0D;&#x8981;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x5171;&#x4EAB;&#x5185;&#x5B58;&#x6765;&#x901A;&#x4FE1;&#xFF0C;&#x800C;&#x5E94;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x901A;&#x4FE1;&#x6765;&#x5171;&#x4EAB;&#x5185;&#x5B58;&#x3002;</p>
</blockquote>
<p>&#x8FD9;&#x662F;&#x66F4;&#x9AD8;&#x5C42;&#x6B21;&#x7684;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x7F16;&#x7A0B;&#x54F2;&#x5B66;(&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x7BA1;&#x9053;&#x6765;&#x4F20;&#x503C;&#x662F;Go&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x63A8;&#x8350;&#x7684;&#x505A;&#x6CD5;)&#x3002;&#x867D;&#x7136;&#x50CF;&#x5F15;&#x7528;&#x8BA1;&#x6570;&#x8FD9;&#x7C7B;&#x7B80;&#x5355;&#x7684;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x95EE;&#x9898;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x539F;&#x5B50;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x6216;&#x4E92;&#x65A5;&#x9501;&#x5C31;&#x80FD;&#x5F88;&#x597D;&#x5730;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x662F;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;Channel&#x6765;&#x63A7;&#x5236;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;&#x80FD;&#x591F;&#x8BA9;&#x4F60;&#x5199;&#x51FA;&#x66F4;&#x7B80;&#x6D01;&#x6B63;&#x786E;&#x7684;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x3002;</p>
<h2 id="161-&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x7248;&#x672C;&#x7684;hello-world">1.6.1 &#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x7248;&#x672C;&#x7684;Hello world</h2>
<p>&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5148;&#x4EE5;&#x5728;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x65B0;&#x7684;Goroutine&#x4E2D;&#x8F93;&#x51FA;&#x201C;Hello world&#x201D;&#xFF0C;<code>main</code>&#x7B49;&#x5F85;&#x540E;&#x53F0;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x8F93;&#x51FA;&#x5DE5;&#x4F5C;&#x5B8C;&#x6210;&#x4E4B;&#x540E;&#x9000;&#x51FA;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x6837;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x7B80;&#x5355;&#x7684;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x4F5C;&#x4E3A;&#x70ED;&#x8EAB;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x7F16;&#x7A0B;&#x7684;&#x6838;&#x5FC3;&#x6982;&#x5FF5;&#x662F;&#x540C;&#x6B65;&#x901A;&#x4FE1;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x662F;&#x540C;&#x6B65;&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#x5374;&#x6709;&#x591A;&#x79CD;&#x3002;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5148;&#x4EE5;&#x5927;&#x5BB6;&#x719F;&#x6089;&#x7684;&#x4E92;&#x65A5;&#x91CF;<code>sync.Mutex</code>&#x6765;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x540C;&#x6B65;&#x901A;&#x4FE1;&#x3002;&#x6839;&#x636E;&#x6587;&#x6863;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x4E0D;&#x80FD;&#x76F4;&#x63A5;&#x5BF9;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x672A;&#x52A0;&#x9501;&#x72B6;&#x6001;&#x7684;<code>sync.Mutex</code>&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x89E3;&#x9501;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x4F1A;&#x5BFC;&#x81F4;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x65F6;&#x5F02;&#x5E38;&#x3002;&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x8FD9;&#x79CD;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#x5E76;&#x4E0D;&#x80FD;&#x4FDD;&#x8BC1;&#x6B63;&#x5E38;&#x5DE5;&#x4F5C;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> main() {
    <span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> mu sync.Mutex

    <span class="hljs-keyword">go</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">func</span>(){
        fmt.Println(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;&#x4F60;&#x597D;, &#x4E16;&#x754C;&quot;</span>)
        mu.Lock()
    }()

    mu.Unlock()
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;<code>mu.Lock()</code>&#x548C;<code>mu.Unlock()</code>&#x5E76;&#x4E0D;&#x5728;&#x540C;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;Goroutine&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x6240;&#x4EE5;&#x4E5F;&#x5C31;&#x4E0D;&#x6EE1;&#x8DB3;&#x987A;&#x5E8F;&#x4E00;&#x81F4;&#x6027;&#x5185;&#x5B58;&#x6A21;&#x578B;&#x3002;&#x540C;&#x65F6;&#x5B83;&#x4EEC;&#x4E5F;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x5176;&#x5B83;&#x7684;&#x540C;&#x6B65;&#x4E8B;&#x4EF6;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x53C2;&#x8003;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x4E24;&#x4E2A;&#x4E8B;&#x4EF6;&#x4E0D;&#x53EF;&#x6392;&#x5E8F;&#x4E5F;&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x7684;&#x3002;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x662F;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x7684;&#x4E8B;&#x4EF6;&#xFF0C;&#x6240;&#x4EE5;<code>main</code>&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;<code>mu.Unlock()</code>&#x5F88;&#x6709;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x5148;&#x53D1;&#x751F;&#xFF0C;&#x800C;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x65F6;&#x523B;<code>mu</code>&#x4E92;&#x65A5;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x8FD8;&#x5904;&#x4E8E;&#x672A;&#x52A0;&#x9501;&#x7684;&#x72B6;&#x6001;&#xFF0C;&#x4ECE;&#x800C;&#x4F1A;&#x5BFC;&#x81F4;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x65F6;&#x5F02;&#x5E38;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x662F;&#x4FEE;&#x590D;&#x540E;&#x7684;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> main() {
    <span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> mu sync.Mutex

    mu.Lock()
    <span class="hljs-keyword">go</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">func</span>(){
        fmt.Println(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;&#x4F60;&#x597D;, &#x4E16;&#x754C;&quot;</span>)
        mu.Unlock()
    }()

    mu.Lock()
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x4FEE;&#x590D;&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#x662F;&#x5728;<code>main</code>&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x6240;&#x5728;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x4E2D;&#x6267;&#x884C;&#x4E24;&#x6B21;<code>mu.Lock()</code>&#xFF0C;&#x5F53;&#x7B2C;&#x4E8C;&#x6B21;&#x52A0;&#x9501;&#x65F6;&#x4F1A;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;&#x9501;&#x5DF2;&#x7ECF;&#x88AB;&#x5360;&#x7528;&#xFF08;&#x4E0D;&#x662F;&#x9012;&#x5F52;&#x9501;&#xFF09;&#x800C;&#x963B;&#x585E;&#xFF0C;<code>main</code>&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x7684;&#x963B;&#x585E;&#x72B6;&#x6001;&#x9A71;&#x52A8;&#x540E;&#x53F0;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x7EE7;&#x7EED;&#x5411;&#x524D;&#x6267;&#x884C;&#x3002;&#x5F53;&#x540E;&#x53F0;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x6267;&#x884C;&#x5230;<code>mu.Unlock()</code>&#x65F6;&#x89E3;&#x9501;&#xFF0C;&#x6B64;&#x65F6;&#x6253;&#x5370;&#x5DE5;&#x4F5C;&#x5DF2;&#x7ECF;&#x5B8C;&#x6210;&#x4E86;&#xFF0C;&#x89E3;&#x9501;&#x4F1A;&#x5BFC;&#x81F4;<code>main</code>&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x7B2C;&#x4E8C;&#x4E2A;<code>mu.Lock()</code>&#x963B;&#x585E;&#x72B6;&#x6001;&#x53D6;&#x6D88;&#xFF0C;&#x6B64;&#x65F6;&#x540E;&#x53F0;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x548C;&#x4E3B;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x518D;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x5176;&#x5B83;&#x7684;&#x540C;&#x6B65;&#x4E8B;&#x4EF6;&#x53C2;&#x8003;&#xFF0C;&#x5B83;&#x4EEC;&#x9000;&#x51FA;&#x7684;&#x4E8B;&#x4EF6;&#x5C06;&#x662F;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x7684;&#xFF1A;&#x5728;<code>main</code>&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x9000;&#x51FA;&#x5BFC;&#x81F4;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x9000;&#x51FA;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x540E;&#x53F0;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x5DF2;&#x7ECF;&#x9000;&#x51FA;&#x4E86;&#xFF0C;&#x4E5F;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x9000;&#x51FA;&#x3002;&#x867D;&#x7136;&#x65E0;&#x6CD5;&#x786E;&#x5B9A;&#x4E24;&#x4E2A;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x9000;&#x51FA;&#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x662F;&#x6253;&#x5370;&#x5DE5;&#x4F5C;&#x662F;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x6B63;&#x786E;&#x5B8C;&#x6210;&#x7684;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x4F7F;&#x7528;<code>sync.Mutex</code>&#x4E92;&#x65A5;&#x9501;&#x540C;&#x6B65;&#x662F;&#x6BD4;&#x8F83;&#x4F4E;&#x7EA7;&#x7684;&#x505A;&#x6CD5;&#x3002;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x73B0;&#x5728;&#x6539;&#x7528;&#x65E0;&#x7F13;&#x5B58;&#x7684;&#x7BA1;&#x9053;&#x6765;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x540C;&#x6B65;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> main() {
    done := <span class="hljs-built_in">make</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">chan</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>)

    <span class="hljs-keyword">go</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">func</span>(){
        fmt.Println(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;&#x4F60;&#x597D;, &#x4E16;&#x754C;&quot;</span>)
        &lt;-done
    }()

    done &lt;- <span class="hljs-number">1</span>
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x6839;&#x636E;Go&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x5185;&#x5B58;&#x6A21;&#x578B;&#x89C4;&#x8303;&#xFF0C;&#x5BF9;&#x4E8E;&#x4ECE;&#x65E0;&#x7F13;&#x51B2;Channel&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x7684;&#x63A5;&#x6536;&#xFF0C;&#x53D1;&#x751F;&#x5728;&#x5BF9;&#x8BE5;Channel&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x7684;&#x53D1;&#x9001;&#x5B8C;&#x6210;&#x4E4B;&#x524D;&#x3002;&#x56E0;&#x6B64;&#xFF0C;&#x540E;&#x53F0;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;<code>&lt;-done</code>&#x63A5;&#x6536;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x5B8C;&#x6210;&#x4E4B;&#x540E;&#xFF0C;<code>main</code>&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x7684;<code>done &lt;- 1</code>&#x53D1;&#x9001;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x624D;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x5B8C;&#x6210;&#xFF08;&#x4ECE;&#x800C;&#x9000;&#x51FA;main&#x3001;&#x9000;&#x51FA;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;&#x800C;&#x6B64;&#x65F6;&#x6253;&#x5370;&#x5DE5;&#x4F5C;&#x5DF2;&#x7ECF;&#x5B8C;&#x6210;&#x4E86;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x4E0A;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x867D;&#x7136;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x6B63;&#x786E;&#x540C;&#x6B65;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x662F;&#x5BF9;&#x7BA1;&#x9053;&#x7684;&#x7F13;&#x5B58;&#x5927;&#x5C0F;&#x592A;&#x654F;&#x611F;&#xFF1A;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x7BA1;&#x9053;&#x6709;&#x7F13;&#x5B58;&#x7684;&#x8BDD;&#xFF0C;&#x5C31;&#x65E0;&#x6CD5;&#x4FDD;&#x8BC1;main&#x9000;&#x51FA;&#x4E4B;&#x524D;&#x540E;&#x53F0;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x80FD;&#x6B63;&#x5E38;&#x6253;&#x5370;&#x4E86;&#x3002;&#x66F4;&#x597D;&#x7684;&#x505A;&#x6CD5;&#x662F;&#x5C06;&#x7BA1;&#x9053;&#x7684;&#x53D1;&#x9001;&#x548C;&#x63A5;&#x6536;&#x65B9;&#x5411;&#x8C03;&#x6362;&#x4E00;&#x4E0B;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x6837;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x907F;&#x514D;&#x540C;&#x6B65;&#x4E8B;&#x4EF6;&#x53D7;&#x7BA1;&#x9053;&#x7F13;&#x5B58;&#x5927;&#x5C0F;&#x7684;&#x5F71;&#x54CD;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> main() {
    done := <span class="hljs-built_in">make</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">chan</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>) <span class="hljs-comment">// &#x5E26;&#x7F13;&#x5B58;&#x7684;&#x7BA1;&#x9053;</span>

    <span class="hljs-keyword">go</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">func</span>(){
        fmt.Println(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;&#x4F60;&#x597D;, &#x4E16;&#x754C;&quot;</span>)
        done &lt;- <span class="hljs-number">1</span>
    }()

    &lt;-done
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x5BF9;&#x4E8E;&#x5E26;&#x7F13;&#x51B2;&#x7684;Channel&#xFF0C;&#x5BF9;&#x4E8E;Channel&#x7684;&#x7B2C;K&#x4E2A;&#x63A5;&#x6536;&#x5B8C;&#x6210;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x53D1;&#x751F;&#x5728;&#x7B2C;K+C&#x4E2A;&#x53D1;&#x9001;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x5B8C;&#x6210;&#x4E4B;&#x524D;&#xFF0C;&#x5176;&#x4E2D;C&#x662F;Channel&#x7684;&#x7F13;&#x5B58;&#x5927;&#x5C0F;&#x3002;&#x867D;&#x7136;&#x7BA1;&#x9053;&#x662F;&#x5E26;&#x7F13;&#x5B58;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;<code>main</code>&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x63A5;&#x6536;&#x5B8C;&#x6210;&#x662F;&#x5728;&#x540E;&#x53F0;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x53D1;&#x9001;&#x5F00;&#x59CB;&#x4F46;&#x8FD8;&#x672A;&#x5B8C;&#x6210;&#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x523B;&#xFF0C;&#x6B64;&#x65F6;&#x6253;&#x5370;&#x5DE5;&#x4F5C;&#x4E5F;&#x662F;&#x5DF2;&#x7ECF;&#x5B8C;&#x6210;&#x7684;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x57FA;&#x4E8E;&#x5E26;&#x7F13;&#x5B58;&#x7684;&#x7BA1;&#x9053;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5F88;&#x5BB9;&#x6613;&#x5C06;&#x6253;&#x5370;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x6269;&#x5C55;&#x5230;N&#x4E2A;&#x3002;&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x4F8B;&#x5B50;&#x662F;&#x5F00;&#x542F;10&#x4E2A;&#x540E;&#x53F0;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x5206;&#x522B;&#x6253;&#x5370;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> main() {
    done := <span class="hljs-built_in">make</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">chan</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>, <span class="hljs-number">10</span>) <span class="hljs-comment">// &#x5E26; 10 &#x4E2A;&#x7F13;&#x5B58;</span>

    <span class="hljs-comment">// &#x5F00;N&#x4E2A;&#x540E;&#x53F0;&#x6253;&#x5370;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> i := <span class="hljs-number">0</span>; i &lt; <span class="hljs-built_in">cap</span>(done); i++ {
        <span class="hljs-keyword">go</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">func</span>(){
            fmt.Println(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;&#x4F60;&#x597D;, &#x4E16;&#x754C;&quot;</span>)
            done &lt;- <span class="hljs-number">1</span>
        }()
    }

    <span class="hljs-comment">// &#x7B49;&#x5F85;N&#x4E2A;&#x540E;&#x53F0;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x5B8C;&#x6210;</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> i := <span class="hljs-number">0</span>; i &lt; <span class="hljs-built_in">cap</span>(done); i++ {
        &lt;-done
    }
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x5BF9;&#x4E8E;&#x8FD9;&#x79CD;&#x8981;&#x7B49;&#x5F85;N&#x4E2A;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x5B8C;&#x6210;&#x540E;&#x518D;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x4E0B;&#x4E00;&#x6B65;&#x7684;&#x540C;&#x6B65;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x7B80;&#x5355;&#x7684;&#x505A;&#x6CD5;&#xFF0C;&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;<code>sync.WaitGroup</code>&#x6765;&#x7B49;&#x5F85;&#x4E00;&#x7EC4;&#x4E8B;&#x4EF6;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> main() {
    <span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> wg sync.WaitGroup

    <span class="hljs-comment">// &#x5F00;N&#x4E2A;&#x540E;&#x53F0;&#x6253;&#x5370;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> i := <span class="hljs-number">0</span>; i &lt; <span class="hljs-number">10</span>; i++ {
        wg.Add(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)

        <span class="hljs-keyword">go</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">func</span>() {
            fmt.Println(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;&#x4F60;&#x597D;, &#x4E16;&#x754C;&quot;</span>)
            wg.Done()
        }()
    }

    <span class="hljs-comment">// &#x7B49;&#x5F85;N&#x4E2A;&#x540E;&#x53F0;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x5B8C;&#x6210;</span>
    wg.Wait()
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x5176;&#x4E2D;<code>wg.Add(1)</code>&#x7528;&#x4E8E;&#x589E;&#x52A0;&#x7B49;&#x5F85;&#x4E8B;&#x4EF6;&#x7684;&#x4E2A;&#x6570;&#xFF0C;&#x5FC5;&#x987B;&#x786E;&#x4FDD;&#x5728;&#x540E;&#x53F0;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x542F;&#x52A8;&#x4E4B;&#x524D;&#x6267;&#x884C;&#xFF08;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x653E;&#x5230;&#x540E;&#x53F0;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x4E4B;&#x4E2D;&#x6267;&#x884C;&#x5219;&#x4E0D;&#x80FD;&#x4FDD;&#x8BC1;&#x88AB;&#x6B63;&#x5E38;&#x6267;&#x884C;&#x5230;&#xFF09;&#x3002;&#x5F53;&#x540E;&#x53F0;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x5B8C;&#x6210;&#x6253;&#x5370;&#x5DE5;&#x4F5C;&#x4E4B;&#x540E;&#xFF0C;&#x8C03;&#x7528;<code>wg.Done()</code>&#x8868;&#x793A;&#x5B8C;&#x6210;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x4E8B;&#x4EF6;&#x3002;<code>main</code>&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x7684;<code>wg.Wait()</code>&#x662F;&#x7B49;&#x5F85;&#x5168;&#x90E8;&#x7684;&#x4E8B;&#x4EF6;&#x5B8C;&#x6210;&#x3002;</p>
<h2 id="162-&#x751F;&#x4EA7;&#x8005;&#x6D88;&#x8D39;&#x8005;&#x6A21;&#x578B;">1.6.2 &#x751F;&#x4EA7;&#x8005;&#x6D88;&#x8D39;&#x8005;&#x6A21;&#x578B;</h2>
<p>&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x7F16;&#x7A0B;&#x4E2D;&#x6700;&#x5E38;&#x89C1;&#x7684;&#x4F8B;&#x5B50;&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x751F;&#x4EA7;&#x8005;&#x6D88;&#x8D39;&#x8005;&#x6A21;&#x5F0F;&#xFF0C;&#x8BE5;&#x6A21;&#x5F0F;&#x4E3B;&#x8981;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x5E73;&#x8861;&#x751F;&#x4EA7;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x548C;&#x6D88;&#x8D39;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x7684;&#x5DE5;&#x4F5C;&#x80FD;&#x529B;&#x6765;&#x63D0;&#x9AD8;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x7684;&#x6574;&#x4F53;&#x5904;&#x7406;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x7684;&#x901F;&#x5EA6;&#x3002;&#x7B80;&#x5355;&#x5730;&#x8BF4;&#xFF0C;&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x751F;&#x4EA7;&#x8005;&#x751F;&#x4EA7;&#x4E00;&#x4E9B;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#xFF0C;&#x7136;&#x540E;&#x653E;&#x5230;&#x6210;&#x679C;&#x961F;&#x5217;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x540C;&#x65F6;&#x6D88;&#x8D39;&#x8005;&#x4ECE;&#x6210;&#x679C;&#x961F;&#x5217;&#x4E2D;&#x6765;&#x53D6;&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x3002;&#x8FD9;&#x6837;&#x5C31;&#x8BA9;&#x751F;&#x4EA7;&#x6D88;&#x8D39;&#x53D8;&#x6210;&#x4E86;&#x5F02;&#x6B65;&#x7684;&#x4E24;&#x4E2A;&#x8FC7;&#x7A0B;&#x3002;&#x5F53;&#x6210;&#x679C;&#x961F;&#x5217;&#x4E2D;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x6D88;&#x8D39;&#x8005;&#x5C31;&#x8FDB;&#x5165;&#x9965;&#x997F;&#x7684;&#x7B49;&#x5F85;&#x4E2D;&#xFF1B;&#x800C;&#x5F53;&#x6210;&#x679C;&#x961F;&#x5217;&#x4E2D;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x5DF2;&#x6EE1;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x751F;&#x4EA7;&#x8005;&#x5219;&#x9762;&#x4E34;&#x56E0;&#x4EA7;&#x54C1;&#x6324;&#x538B;&#x5BFC;&#x81F4;CPU&#x88AB;&#x5265;&#x593A;&#x7684;&#x4E0B;&#x5C97;&#x95EE;&#x9898;&#x3002;</p>
<p>Go&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x751F;&#x4EA7;&#x8005;&#x6D88;&#x8D39;&#x8005;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x5F88;&#x7B80;&#x5355;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-comment">// &#x751F;&#x4EA7;&#x8005;: &#x751F;&#x6210; factor &#x6574;&#x6570;&#x500D;&#x7684;&#x5E8F;&#x5217;</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> Producer(factor <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>, out <span class="hljs-keyword">chan</span>&lt;- <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>) {
    <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> i := <span class="hljs-number">0</span>; ; i++ {
        out &lt;- i*factor
    }
}

<span class="hljs-comment">// &#x6D88;&#x8D39;&#x8005;</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> Consumer(in &lt;-<span class="hljs-keyword">chan</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>) {
    <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> v := <span class="hljs-keyword">range</span> in {
        fmt.Println(v)
    }
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> main() {
    ch := <span class="hljs-built_in">make</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">chan</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>, <span class="hljs-number">64</span>) <span class="hljs-comment">// &#x6210;&#x679C;&#x961F;&#x5217;</span>

    <span class="hljs-keyword">go</span> Producer(<span class="hljs-number">3</span>, ch) <span class="hljs-comment">// &#x751F;&#x6210; 3 &#x7684;&#x500D;&#x6570;&#x7684;&#x5E8F;&#x5217;</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">go</span> Producer(<span class="hljs-number">5</span>, ch) <span class="hljs-comment">// &#x751F;&#x6210; 5 &#x7684;&#x500D;&#x6570;&#x7684;&#x5E8F;&#x5217;</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">go</span> Consumer(ch)    <span class="hljs-comment">// &#x6D88;&#x8D39; &#x751F;&#x6210;&#x7684;&#x961F;&#x5217;</span>

    <span class="hljs-comment">// &#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x4E00;&#x5B9A;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;&#x540E;&#x9000;&#x51FA;</span>
    time.Sleep(<span class="hljs-number">5</span> * time.Second)
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5F00;&#x542F;&#x4E86;2&#x4E2A;<code>Producer</code>&#x751F;&#x4EA7;&#x6D41;&#x6C34;&#x7EBF;&#xFF0C;&#x5206;&#x522B;&#x7528;&#x4E8E;&#x751F;&#x6210;3&#x548C;5&#x7684;&#x500D;&#x6570;&#x7684;&#x5E8F;&#x5217;&#x3002;&#x7136;&#x540E;&#x5F00;&#x542F;1&#x4E2A;<code>Consumer</code>&#x6D88;&#x8D39;&#x8005;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#xFF0C;&#x6253;&#x5370;&#x83B7;&#x53D6;&#x7684;&#x7ED3;&#x679C;&#x3002;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x5728;<code>main</code>&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x4F11;&#x7720;&#x4E00;&#x5B9A;&#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;&#x6765;&#x8BA9;&#x751F;&#x4EA7;&#x8005;&#x548C;&#x6D88;&#x8D39;&#x8005;&#x5DE5;&#x4F5C;&#x4E00;&#x5B9A;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;&#x3002;&#x6B63;&#x5982;&#x524D;&#x9762;&#x4E00;&#x8282;&#x8BF4;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x79CD;&#x9760;&#x4F11;&#x7720;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#x662F;&#x65E0;&#x6CD5;&#x4FDD;&#x8BC1;&#x7A33;&#x5B9A;&#x7684;&#x8F93;&#x51FA;&#x7ED3;&#x679C;&#x7684;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x8BA9;<code>main</code>&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x4FDD;&#x5B58;&#x963B;&#x585E;&#x72B6;&#x6001;&#x4E0D;&#x9000;&#x51FA;&#xFF0C;&#x53EA;&#x6709;&#x5F53;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x8F93;&#x5165;<code>Ctrl-C</code>&#x65F6;&#x624D;&#x771F;&#x6B63;&#x9000;&#x51FA;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> main() {
    ch := <span class="hljs-built_in">make</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">chan</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>, <span class="hljs-number">64</span>) <span class="hljs-comment">// &#x6210;&#x679C;&#x961F;&#x5217;</span>

    <span class="hljs-keyword">go</span> Producer(<span class="hljs-number">3</span>, ch) <span class="hljs-comment">// &#x751F;&#x6210; 3 &#x7684;&#x500D;&#x6570;&#x7684;&#x5E8F;&#x5217;</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">go</span> Producer(<span class="hljs-number">5</span>, ch) <span class="hljs-comment">// &#x751F;&#x6210; 5 &#x7684;&#x500D;&#x6570;&#x7684;&#x5E8F;&#x5217;</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">go</span> Consumer(ch)    <span class="hljs-comment">// &#x6D88;&#x8D39; &#x751F;&#x6210;&#x7684;&#x961F;&#x5217;</span>

    <span class="hljs-comment">// Ctrl+C &#x9000;&#x51FA;</span>
    sig := <span class="hljs-built_in">make</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">chan</span> os.Signal, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>)
    signal.Notify(sig, syscall.SIGINT, syscall.SIGTERM)
    fmt.Printf(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;quit (%v)\n&quot;</span>, &lt;-sig)
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x4F8B;&#x5B50;&#x4E2D;&#x6709;2&#x4E2A;&#x751F;&#x4EA7;&#x8005;&#xFF0C;&#x5E76;&#x4E14;2&#x4E2A;&#x751F;&#x4EA7;&#x8005;&#x4E4B;&#x95F4;&#x5E76;&#x65E0;&#x540C;&#x6B65;&#x4E8B;&#x4EF6;&#x53EF;&#x53C2;&#x8003;&#xFF0C;&#x5B83;&#x4EEC;&#x662F;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x7684;&#x3002;&#x56E0;&#x6B64;&#xFF0C;&#x6D88;&#x8D39;&#x8005;&#x8F93;&#x51FA;&#x7684;&#x7ED3;&#x679C;&#x5E8F;&#x5217;&#x7684;&#x987A;&#x5E8F;&#x662F;&#x4E0D;&#x786E;&#x5B9A;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x5E76;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x95EE;&#x9898;&#xFF0C;&#x751F;&#x4EA7;&#x8005;&#x548C;&#x6D88;&#x8D39;&#x8005;&#x4F9D;&#x7136;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x76F8;&#x4E92;&#x914D;&#x5408;&#x5DE5;&#x4F5C;&#x3002;</p>
<h2 id="163-&#x53D1;&#x5E03;&#x8BA2;&#x9605;&#x6A21;&#x578B;">1.6.3 &#x53D1;&#x5E03;&#x8BA2;&#x9605;&#x6A21;&#x578B;</h2>
<p>&#x53D1;&#x5E03;&#x8BA2;&#x9605;&#xFF08;publish-and-subscribe&#xFF09;&#x6A21;&#x578B;&#x901A;&#x5E38;&#x88AB;&#x7B80;&#x5199;&#x4E3A;pub/sub&#x6A21;&#x578B;&#x3002;&#x5728;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x6A21;&#x578B;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x6D88;&#x606F;&#x751F;&#x4EA7;&#x8005;&#x6210;&#x4E3A;&#x53D1;&#x5E03;&#x8005;&#xFF08;publisher&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;&#x800C;&#x6D88;&#x606F;&#x6D88;&#x8D39;&#x8005;&#x5219;&#x6210;&#x4E3A;&#x8BA2;&#x9605;&#x8005;&#xFF08;subscriber&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;&#x751F;&#x4EA7;&#x8005;&#x548C;&#x6D88;&#x8D39;&#x8005;&#x662F;M:N&#x7684;&#x5173;&#x7CFB;&#x3002;&#x5728;&#x4F20;&#x7EDF;&#x751F;&#x4EA7;&#x8005;&#x548C;&#x6D88;&#x8D39;&#x8005;&#x6A21;&#x578B;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x662F;&#x5C06;&#x6D88;&#x606F;&#x53D1;&#x9001;&#x5230;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x961F;&#x5217;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x800C;&#x53D1;&#x5E03;&#x8BA2;&#x9605;&#x6A21;&#x578B;&#x5219;&#x662F;&#x5C06;&#x6D88;&#x606F;&#x53D1;&#x5E03;&#x7ED9;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x4E3B;&#x9898;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x4E3A;&#x6B64;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x6784;&#x5EFA;&#x4E86;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x540D;&#x4E3A;<code>pubsub</code>&#x7684;&#x53D1;&#x5E03;&#x8BA2;&#x9605;&#x6A21;&#x578B;&#x652F;&#x6301;&#x5305;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-comment">// Package pubsub implements a simple multi-topic pub-sub library.</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">package</span> pubsub

<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> (
    <span class="hljs-string">&quot;sync&quot;</span>
    <span class="hljs-string">&quot;time&quot;</span>
)

<span class="hljs-keyword">type</span> (
    subscriber <span class="hljs-keyword">chan</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">interface</span>{}         <span class="hljs-comment">// &#x8BA2;&#x9605;&#x8005;&#x4E3A;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x7BA1;&#x9053;</span>
    topicFunc  <span class="hljs-keyword">func</span>(v <span class="hljs-keyword">interface</span>{}) <span class="hljs-keyword">bool</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// &#x4E3B;&#x9898;&#x4E3A;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x8FC7;&#x6EE4;&#x5668;</span>
)

<span class="hljs-comment">// &#x53D1;&#x5E03;&#x8005;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">type</span> Publisher <span class="hljs-keyword">struct</span> {
    m           sync.RWMutex             <span class="hljs-comment">// &#x8BFB;&#x5199;&#x9501;</span>
    buffer      <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>                      <span class="hljs-comment">// &#x8BA2;&#x9605;&#x961F;&#x5217;&#x7684;&#x7F13;&#x5B58;&#x5927;&#x5C0F;</span>
    timeout     time.Duration            <span class="hljs-comment">// &#x53D1;&#x5E03;&#x8D85;&#x65F6;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;</span>
    subscribers <span class="hljs-keyword">map</span>[subscriber]topicFunc <span class="hljs-comment">// &#x8BA2;&#x9605;&#x8005;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;</span>
}

<span class="hljs-comment">// &#x6784;&#x5EFA;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x53D1;&#x5E03;&#x8005;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;, &#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x8BBE;&#x7F6E;&#x53D1;&#x5E03;&#x8D85;&#x65F6;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;&#x548C;&#x7F13;&#x5B58;&#x961F;&#x5217;&#x7684;&#x957F;&#x5EA6;</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> NewPublisher(publishTimeout time.Duration, buffer <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>) *Publisher {
    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> &amp;Publisher{
        buffer:      buffer,
        timeout:     publishTimeout,
        subscribers: <span class="hljs-built_in">make</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">map</span>[subscriber]topicFunc),
    }
}

<span class="hljs-comment">// &#x6DFB;&#x52A0;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x65B0;&#x7684;&#x8BA2;&#x9605;&#x8005;&#xFF0C;&#x8BA2;&#x9605;&#x5168;&#x90E8;&#x4E3B;&#x9898;</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> (p *Publisher) Subscribe() <span class="hljs-keyword">chan</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">interface</span>{} {
    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> p.SubscribeTopic(<span class="hljs-literal">nil</span>)
}

<span class="hljs-comment">// &#x6DFB;&#x52A0;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x65B0;&#x7684;&#x8BA2;&#x9605;&#x8005;&#xFF0C;&#x8BA2;&#x9605;&#x8FC7;&#x6EE4;&#x5668;&#x7B5B;&#x9009;&#x540E;&#x7684;&#x4E3B;&#x9898;</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> (p *Publisher) SubscribeTopic(topic topicFunc) <span class="hljs-keyword">chan</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">interface</span>{} {
    ch := <span class="hljs-built_in">make</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">chan</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">interface</span>{}, p.buffer)
    p.m.Lock()
    p.subscribers[ch] = topic
    p.m.Unlock()
    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> ch
}

<span class="hljs-comment">// &#x9000;&#x51FA;&#x8BA2;&#x9605;</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> (p *Publisher) Evict(sub <span class="hljs-keyword">chan</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">interface</span>{}) {
    p.m.Lock()
    <span class="hljs-keyword">defer</span> p.m.Unlock()

    <span class="hljs-built_in">delete</span>(p.subscribers, sub)
    <span class="hljs-built_in">close</span>(sub)
}

<span class="hljs-comment">// &#x53D1;&#x5E03;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x4E3B;&#x9898;</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> (p *Publisher) Publish(v <span class="hljs-keyword">interface</span>{}) {
    p.m.RLock()
    <span class="hljs-keyword">defer</span> p.m.RUnlock()

    <span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> wg sync.WaitGroup
    <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> sub, topic := <span class="hljs-keyword">range</span> p.subscribers {
        wg.Add(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)
        <span class="hljs-keyword">go</span> p.sendTopic(sub, topic, v, &amp;wg)
    }
    wg.Wait()
}

<span class="hljs-comment">// &#x5173;&#x95ED;&#x53D1;&#x5E03;&#x8005;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#xFF0C;&#x540C;&#x65F6;&#x5173;&#x95ED;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x7684;&#x8BA2;&#x9605;&#x8005;&#x7BA1;&#x9053;&#x3002;</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> (p *Publisher) Close() {
    p.m.Lock()
    <span class="hljs-keyword">defer</span> p.m.Unlock()

    <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> sub := <span class="hljs-keyword">range</span> p.subscribers {
        <span class="hljs-built_in">delete</span>(p.subscribers, sub)
        <span class="hljs-built_in">close</span>(sub)
    }
}

<span class="hljs-comment">// &#x53D1;&#x9001;&#x4E3B;&#x9898;&#xFF0C;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5BB9;&#x5FCD;&#x4E00;&#x5B9A;&#x7684;&#x8D85;&#x65F6;</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> (p *Publisher) sendTopic(sub subscriber, topic topicFunc, v <span class="hljs-keyword">interface</span>{}, wg *sync.WaitGroup) {
    <span class="hljs-keyword">defer</span> wg.Done()
    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> topic != <span class="hljs-literal">nil</span> &amp;&amp; !topic(v) {
        <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span>
    }

    <span class="hljs-keyword">select</span> {
    <span class="hljs-keyword">case</span> sub &lt;- v:
    <span class="hljs-keyword">case</span> &lt;-time.After(p.timeout):
    }
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x4F8B;&#x5B50;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x6709;&#x4E24;&#x4E2A;&#x8BA2;&#x9605;&#x8005;&#x5206;&#x522B;&#x8BA2;&#x9605;&#x4E86;&#x5168;&#x90E8;&#x4E3B;&#x9898;&#x548C;&#x542B;&#x6709;&quot;golang&quot;&#x7684;&#x4E3B;&#x9898;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> <span class="hljs-string">&quot;path/to/pubsub&quot;</span>

<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> main() {
    p := pubsub.NewPublisher(<span class="hljs-number">100</span>*time.Millisecond, <span class="hljs-number">10</span>)
    <span class="hljs-keyword">defer</span> p.Close()

    all := p.Subscribe()
    golang := p.SubscribeTopic(<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span>(v <span class="hljs-keyword">interface</span>{}) <span class="hljs-keyword">bool</span> {
        <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> s, ok := v.(<span class="hljs-keyword">string</span>); ok {
            <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> strings.Contains(s, <span class="hljs-string">&quot;golang&quot;</span>)
        }
        <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-literal">false</span>
    })

    p.Publish(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;hello,  world!&quot;</span>)
    p.Publish(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;hello, golang!&quot;</span>)

    <span class="hljs-keyword">go</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">func</span>() {
        <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span>  msg := <span class="hljs-keyword">range</span> all {
            fmt.Println(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;all:&quot;</span>, msg)
        }
    } ()

    <span class="hljs-keyword">go</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">func</span>() {
        <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span>  msg := <span class="hljs-keyword">range</span> golang {
            fmt.Println(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;golang:&quot;</span>, msg)
        }
    } ()

    <span class="hljs-comment">// &#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x4E00;&#x5B9A;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;&#x540E;&#x9000;&#x51FA;</span>
    time.Sleep(<span class="hljs-number">3</span> * time.Second)
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x5728;&#x53D1;&#x5E03;&#x8BA2;&#x9605;&#x6A21;&#x578B;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x6BCF;&#x6761;&#x6D88;&#x606F;&#x90FD;&#x4F1A;&#x4F20;&#x9001;&#x7ED9;&#x591A;&#x4E2A;&#x8BA2;&#x9605;&#x8005;&#x3002;&#x53D1;&#x5E03;&#x8005;&#x901A;&#x5E38;&#x4E0D;&#x4F1A;&#x77E5;&#x9053;&#x3001;&#x4E5F;&#x4E0D;&#x5173;&#x5FC3;&#x54EA;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x8BA2;&#x9605;&#x8005;&#x6B63;&#x5728;&#x63A5;&#x6536;&#x4E3B;&#x9898;&#x6D88;&#x606F;&#x3002;&#x8BA2;&#x9605;&#x8005;&#x548C;&#x53D1;&#x5E03;&#x8005;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5728;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x65F6;&#x52A8;&#x6001;&#x6DFB;&#x52A0;&#xFF0C;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x79CD;&#x677E;&#x6563;&#x7684;&#x8026;&#x5408;&#x5173;&#x7CFB;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x4F7F;&#x5F97;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x7684;&#x590D;&#x6742;&#x6027;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x968F;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;&#x7684;&#x63A8;&#x79FB;&#x800C;&#x589E;&#x957F;&#x3002;&#x5728;&#x73B0;&#x5B9E;&#x751F;&#x6D3B;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x50CF;&#x5929;&#x6C14;&#x9884;&#x62A5;&#x4E4B;&#x7C7B;&#x7684;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x5C31;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x6A21;&#x5F0F;&#x3002;</p>
<h2 id="164-&#x63A7;&#x5236;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x6570;">1.6.4 &#x63A7;&#x5236;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x6570;</h2>
<p>&#x5F88;&#x591A;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x5728;&#x9002;&#x5E94;&#x4E86;Go&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x5F3A;&#x5927;&#x7684;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x7279;&#x6027;&#x4E4B;&#x540E;&#xFF0C;&#x90FD;&#x503E;&#x5411;&#x4E8E;&#x7F16;&#x5199;&#x6700;&#x5927;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x7684;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;&#x8FD9;&#x6837;&#x4F3C;&#x4E4E;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x6700;&#x5927;&#x7684;&#x6027;&#x80FD;&#x3002;&#x5728;&#x73B0;&#x5B9E;&#x4E2D;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x884C;&#x8272;&#x5306;&#x5306;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x6709;&#x65F6;&#x5374;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x653E;&#x6162;&#x811A;&#x6B65;&#x4EAB;&#x53D7;&#x751F;&#x6D3B;&#xFF0C;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x7684;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x4E5F;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x6837;&#xFF1A;&#x6709;&#x65F6;&#x5019;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x9002;&#x5F53;&#x5730;&#x63A7;&#x5236;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x7684;&#x7A0B;&#x5EA6;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;&#x8FD9;&#x6837;&#x4E0D;&#x4EC5;&#x4EC5;&#x53EF;&#x7ED9;&#x5176;&#x5B83;&#x7684;&#x5E94;&#x7528;/&#x4EFB;&#x52A1;&#x8BA9;&#x51FA;/&#x9884;&#x7559;&#x4E00;&#x5B9A;&#x7684;CPU&#x8D44;&#x6E90;&#xFF0C;&#x4E5F;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x9002;&#x5F53;&#x964D;&#x4F4E;&#x529F;&#x8017;&#x7F13;&#x89E3;&#x7535;&#x6C60;&#x7684;&#x538B;&#x529B;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5728;Go&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x81EA;&#x5E26;&#x7684;godoc&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x4E2D;&#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;<code>vfs</code>&#x7684;&#x5305;&#x5BF9;&#x5E94;&#x865A;&#x62DF;&#x7684;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#xFF0C;&#x5728;<code>vfs</code>&#x5305;&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;<code>gatefs</code>&#x7684;&#x5B50;&#x5305;&#xFF0C;<code>gatefs</code>&#x5B50;&#x5305;&#x7684;&#x76EE;&#x7684;&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x4E3A;&#x4E86;&#x63A7;&#x5236;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;&#x8BE5;&#x865A;&#x62DF;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x7684;&#x6700;&#x5927;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x6570;&#x3002;<code>gatefs</code>&#x5305;&#x7684;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x5F88;&#x7B80;&#x5355;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> (
    <span class="hljs-string">&quot;golang.org/x/tools/godoc/vfs&quot;</span>
    <span class="hljs-string">&quot;golang.org/x/tools/godoc/vfs/gatefs&quot;</span>
)

<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> main() {
    fs := gatefs.New(vfs.OS(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;/path&quot;</span>), <span class="hljs-built_in">make</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">chan</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">bool</span>, <span class="hljs-number">8</span>))
    <span class="hljs-comment">// ...</span>
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x5176;&#x4E2D;<code>vfs.OS(&quot;/path&quot;)</code>&#x57FA;&#x4E8E;&#x672C;&#x5730;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x6784;&#x9020;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x865A;&#x62DF;&#x7684;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#xFF0C;&#x7136;&#x540E;<code>gatefs.New</code>&#x57FA;&#x4E8E;&#x73B0;&#x6709;&#x7684;&#x865A;&#x62DF;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x6784;&#x9020;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x53D7;&#x63A7;&#x7684;&#x865A;&#x62DF;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x3002;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x6570;&#x63A7;&#x5236;&#x7684;&#x539F;&#x7406;&#x5728;&#x524D;&#x9762;&#x4E00;&#x8282;&#x5DF2;&#x7ECF;&#x8BB2;&#x8FC7;&#xFF0C;&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x5E26;&#x7F13;&#x5B58;&#x7BA1;&#x9053;&#x7684;&#x53D1;&#x9001;&#x548C;&#x63A5;&#x6536;&#x89C4;&#x5219;&#x6765;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x6700;&#x5927;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x963B;&#x585E;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> limit = <span class="hljs-built_in">make</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">chan</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3</span>)

<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> main() {
    <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> _, w := <span class="hljs-keyword">range</span> work {
        <span class="hljs-keyword">go</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">func</span>() {
            limit &lt;- <span class="hljs-number">1</span>
            w()
            &lt;-limit
        }()
    }
    <span class="hljs-keyword">select</span>{}
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x4E0D;&#x8FC7;<code>gatefs</code>&#x5BF9;&#x6B64;&#x505A;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x62BD;&#x8C61;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;<code>gate</code>&#xFF0C;&#x589E;&#x52A0;&#x4E86;<code>enter</code>&#x548C;<code>leave</code>&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x5206;&#x522B;&#x5BF9;&#x5E94;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x7684;&#x8FDB;&#x5165;&#x548C;&#x79BB;&#x5F00;&#x3002;&#x5F53;&#x8D85;&#x51FA;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x6570;&#x76EE;&#x9650;&#x5236;&#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x5019;&#xFF0C;<code>enter</code>&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x4F1A;&#x963B;&#x585E;&#x76F4;&#x5230;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x6570;&#x964D;&#x4E0B;&#x6765;&#x4E3A;&#x6B62;&#x3002;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-keyword">type</span> gate <span class="hljs-keyword">chan</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">bool</span>

<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> (g gate) enter() { g &lt;- <span class="hljs-literal">true</span> }
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> (g gate) leave() { &lt;-g }
</code></pre>
<p><code>gatefs</code>&#x5305;&#x88C5;&#x7684;&#x65B0;&#x7684;&#x865A;&#x62DF;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x5C06;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x63A7;&#x5236;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x589E;&#x52A0;&#x4E86;<code>enter</code>&#x548C;<code>leave</code>&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x800C;&#x5DF2;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-keyword">type</span> gatefs <span class="hljs-keyword">struct</span> {
    fs vfs.FileSystem
    gate
}

<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> (fs gatefs) Lstat(p <span class="hljs-keyword">string</span>) (os.FileInfo, error) {
    fs.enter()
    <span class="hljs-keyword">defer</span> fs.leave()
    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> fs.fs.Lstat(p)
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x4E0D;&#x4EC5;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x63A7;&#x5236;&#x6700;&#x5927;&#x7684;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x6570;&#x76EE;&#xFF0C;&#x800C;&#x4E14;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x5E26;&#x7F13;&#x5B58;Channel&#x7684;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x91CF;&#x548C;&#x6700;&#x5927;&#x5BB9;&#x91CF;&#x6BD4;&#x4F8B;&#x6765;&#x5224;&#x65AD;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x7684;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x7387;&#x3002;&#x5F53;&#x7BA1;&#x9053;&#x4E3A;&#x7A7A;&#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x5019;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x8BA4;&#x4E3A;&#x662F;&#x7A7A;&#x95F2;&#x72B6;&#x6001;&#xFF0C;&#x5F53;&#x7BA1;&#x9053;&#x6EE1;&#x4E86;&#x65F6;&#x4EFB;&#x52A1;&#x662F;&#x7E41;&#x5FD9;&#x72B6;&#x6001;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x5BF9;&#x4E8E;&#x540E;&#x53F0;&#x4E00;&#x4E9B;&#x4F4E;&#x7EA7;&#x4EFB;&#x52A1;&#x7684;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x662F;&#x6709;&#x53C2;&#x8003;&#x4EF7;&#x503C;&#x7684;&#x3002;</p>
<h2 id="165-&#x8D62;&#x8005;&#x4E3A;&#x738B;">1.6.5 &#x8D62;&#x8005;&#x4E3A;&#x738B;</h2>
<p>&#x91C7;&#x7528;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x7F16;&#x7A0B;&#x7684;&#x52A8;&#x673A;&#x6709;&#x5F88;&#x591A;&#xFF1A;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x7F16;&#x7A0B;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x7B80;&#x5316;&#x95EE;&#x9898;&#xFF0C;&#x6BD4;&#x5982;&#x4E00;&#x7C7B;&#x95EE;&#x9898;&#x5BF9;&#x5E94;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5904;&#x7406;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x4F1A;&#x66F4;&#x7B80;&#x5355;&#xFF1B;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x7F16;&#x7A0B;&#x8FD8;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x63D0;&#x5347;&#x6027;&#x80FD;&#xFF0C;&#x5728;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x591A;&#x6838;CPU&#x4E0A;&#x5F00;2&#x4E2A;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x4E00;&#x822C;&#x4F1A;&#x6BD4;&#x5F00;1&#x4E2A;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x5FEB;&#x4E00;&#x4E9B;&#x3002;&#x5176;&#x5B9E;&#x5BF9;&#x4E8E;&#x63D0;&#x5347;&#x6027;&#x80FD;&#x800C;&#x8A00;&#xFF0C;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x5E76;&#x4E0D;&#x662F;&#x7B80;&#x5355;&#x5730;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x901F;&#x5EA6;&#x5FEB;&#x5C31;&#x8868;&#x793A;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x4F53;&#x9A8C;&#x597D;&#x7684;&#xFF1B;&#x5F88;&#x591A;&#x65F6;&#x5019;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x80FD;&#x5FEB;&#x901F;&#x54CD;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x8BF7;&#x6C42;&#x624D;&#x662F;&#x6700;&#x91CD;&#x8981;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;&#x5F53;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x8BF7;&#x6C42;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x5904;&#x7406;&#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x5019;&#x624D;&#x5408;&#x9002;&#x5904;&#x7406;&#x4E00;&#x4E9B;&#x4F4E;&#x4F18;&#x5148;&#x7EA7;&#x7684;&#x540E;&#x53F0;&#x4EFB;&#x52A1;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5047;&#x8BBE;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x60F3;&#x5FEB;&#x901F;&#x5730;&#x641C;&#x7D22;&#x201C;golang&#x201D;&#x76F8;&#x5173;&#x7684;&#x4E3B;&#x9898;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x4F1A;&#x540C;&#x65F6;&#x6253;&#x5F00;Bing&#x3001;Google&#x6216;&#x767E;&#x5EA6;&#x7B49;&#x591A;&#x4E2A;&#x68C0;&#x7D22;&#x5F15;&#x64CE;&#x3002;&#x5F53;&#x67D0;&#x4E2A;&#x641C;&#x7D22;&#x6700;&#x5148;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x7ED3;&#x679C;&#x540E;&#xFF0C;&#x5C31;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5173;&#x95ED;&#x5176;&#x5B83;&#x641C;&#x7D22;&#x9875;&#x9762;&#x4E86;&#x3002;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;&#x53D7;&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;&#x73AF;&#x5883;&#x548C;&#x641C;&#x7D22;&#x5F15;&#x64CE;&#x7B97;&#x6CD5;&#x7684;&#x5F71;&#x54CD;&#xFF0C;&#x67D0;&#x4E9B;&#x641C;&#x7D22;&#x5F15;&#x64CE;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x5F88;&#x5FEB;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x641C;&#x7D22;&#x7ED3;&#x679C;&#xFF0C;&#x67D0;&#x4E9B;&#x641C;&#x7D22;&#x5F15;&#x64CE;&#x4E5F;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x7B49;&#x5230;&#x4ED6;&#x4EEC;&#x516C;&#x53F8;&#x5012;&#x95ED;&#x4E5F;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x5B8C;&#x6210;&#x641C;&#x7D22;&#x3002;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x91C7;&#x7528;&#x7C7B;&#x4F3C;&#x7684;&#x7B56;&#x7565;&#x6765;&#x7F16;&#x5199;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> main() {
    ch := <span class="hljs-built_in">make</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">chan</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">string</span>, <span class="hljs-number">32</span>)

    <span class="hljs-keyword">go</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">func</span>() {
        ch &lt;- searchByBing(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;golang&quot;</span>)
    }()
    <span class="hljs-keyword">go</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">func</span>() {
        ch &lt;- searchByGoogle(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;golang&quot;</span>)
    }()
    <span class="hljs-keyword">go</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">func</span>() {
        ch &lt;- searchByBaidu(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;golang&quot;</span>)
    }()

    fmt.Println(&lt;-ch)
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x9996;&#x5148;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x4E86;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5E26;&#x7F13;&#x5B58;&#x7684;&#x7BA1;&#x9053;&#xFF0C;&#x7BA1;&#x9053;&#x7684;&#x7F13;&#x5B58;&#x6570;&#x76EE;&#x8981;&#x8DB3;&#x591F;&#x5927;&#xFF0C;&#x4FDD;&#x8BC1;&#x4E0D;&#x4F1A;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;&#x7F13;&#x5B58;&#x7684;&#x5BB9;&#x91CF;&#x5F15;&#x8D77;&#x4E0D;&#x5FC5;&#x8981;&#x7684;&#x963B;&#x585E;&#x3002;&#x7136;&#x540E;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5F00;&#x542F;&#x4E86;&#x591A;&#x4E2A;&#x540E;&#x53F0;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#xFF0C;&#x5206;&#x522B;&#x5411;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#x7684;&#x641C;&#x7D22;&#x5F15;&#x64CE;&#x63D0;&#x4EA4;&#x641C;&#x7D22;&#x8BF7;&#x6C42;&#x3002;&#x5F53;&#x4EFB;&#x610F;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x641C;&#x7D22;&#x5F15;&#x64CE;&#x6700;&#x5148;&#x6709;&#x7ED3;&#x679C;&#x4E4B;&#x540E;&#xFF0C;&#x90FD;&#x4F1A;&#x9A6C;&#x4E0A;&#x5C06;&#x7ED3;&#x679C;&#x53D1;&#x5230;&#x7BA1;&#x9053;&#x4E2D;&#xFF08;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;&#x7BA1;&#x9053;&#x5E26;&#x4E86;&#x8DB3;&#x591F;&#x7684;&#x7F13;&#x5B58;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x8FC7;&#x7A0B;&#x4E0D;&#x4F1A;&#x963B;&#x585E;&#xFF09;&#x3002;&#x4F46;&#x662F;&#x6700;&#x7EC8;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x53EA;&#x4ECE;&#x7BA1;&#x9053;&#x53D6;&#x7B2C;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x7ED3;&#x679C;&#xFF0C;&#x4E5F;&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x6700;&#x5148;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x7684;&#x7ED3;&#x679C;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x9002;&#x5F53;&#x5F00;&#x542F;&#x4E00;&#x4E9B;&#x5197;&#x4F59;&#x7684;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#xFF0C;&#x5C1D;&#x8BD5;&#x7528;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#x9014;&#x5F84;&#x53BB;&#x89E3;&#x51B3;&#x540C;&#x6837;&#x7684;&#x95EE;&#x9898;&#xFF0C;&#x6700;&#x7EC8;&#x4EE5;&#x8D62;&#x8005;&#x4E3A;&#x738B;&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#x63D0;&#x5347;&#x4E86;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x7684;&#x76F8;&#x5E94;&#x6027;&#x80FD;&#x3002;</p>
<h2 id="166-&#x7D20;&#x6570;&#x7B5B;">1.6.6 &#x7D20;&#x6570;&#x7B5B;</h2>
<p>&#x5728;&#x201C;Hello world &#x7684;&#x9769;&#x547D;&#x201D;&#x4E00;&#x8282;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x4E3A;&#x4E86;&#x6F14;&#x793A;Newsqueak&#x7684;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x7279;&#x6027;&#xFF0C;&#x6587;&#x4E2D;&#x7ED9;&#x51FA;&#x4E86;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x7248;&#x672C;&#x7D20;&#x6570;&#x7B5B;&#x7684;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x3002;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x7248;&#x672C;&#x7684;&#x7D20;&#x6570;&#x7B5B;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x7ECF;&#x5178;&#x7684;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x4F8B;&#x5B50;&#xFF0C;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x5B83;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x66F4;&#x6DF1;&#x523B;&#x5730;&#x7406;&#x89E3;Go&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x7684;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x7279;&#x6027;&#x3002;&#x201C;&#x7D20;&#x6570;&#x7B5B;&#x201D;&#x7684;&#x539F;&#x7406;&#x5982;&#x56FE;&#xFF1A;</p>
<p><img src="../images/ch1.6-1-prime-sieve.png" alt=""></p>
<p><em>&#x56FE; 1.6-1 &#x7D20;&#x6570;&#x7B5B;</em></p>
<p>&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x5148;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x6700;&#x521D;&#x7684;<code>2, 3, 4, ...</code>&#x81EA;&#x7136;&#x6570;&#x5E8F;&#x5217;&#xFF08;&#x4E0D;&#x5305;&#x542B;&#x5F00;&#x5934;&#x7684;0&#x3001;1&#xFF09;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-comment">// &#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x81EA;&#x7136;&#x6570;&#x5E8F;&#x5217;&#x7684;&#x7BA1;&#x9053;: 2, 3, 4, ...</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> GenerateNatural() <span class="hljs-keyword">chan</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> {
    ch := <span class="hljs-built_in">make</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">chan</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>)
    <span class="hljs-keyword">go</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">func</span>() {
        <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> i := <span class="hljs-number">2</span>; ; i++ {
            ch &lt;- i
        }
    }()
    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> ch
}
</code></pre>
<p><code>GenerateNatural</code>&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x5185;&#x90E8;&#x542F;&#x52A8;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;Goroutine&#x751F;&#x4EA7;&#x5E8F;&#x5217;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x5BF9;&#x5E94;&#x7684;&#x7BA1;&#x9053;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x7136;&#x540E;&#x662F;&#x4E3A;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;&#x7D20;&#x6570;&#x6784;&#x9020;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x7B5B;&#x5B50;&#xFF1A;&#x5C06;&#x8F93;&#x5165;&#x5E8F;&#x5217;&#x4E2D;&#x662F;&#x7D20;&#x6570;&#x500D;&#x6570;&#x7684;&#x6570;&#x63D0;&#x51FA;&#xFF0C;&#x5E76;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x65B0;&#x7684;&#x5E8F;&#x5217;&#xFF0C;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x65B0;&#x7684;&#x7BA1;&#x9053;&#x3002;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-comment">// &#x7BA1;&#x9053;&#x8FC7;&#x6EE4;&#x5668;: &#x5220;&#x9664;&#x80FD;&#x88AB;&#x7D20;&#x6570;&#x6574;&#x9664;&#x7684;&#x6570;</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> PrimeFilter(in &lt;-<span class="hljs-keyword">chan</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>, prime <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>) <span class="hljs-keyword">chan</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> {
    out := <span class="hljs-built_in">make</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">chan</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>)
    <span class="hljs-keyword">go</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">func</span>() {
        <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> {
            <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> i := &lt;-in; i%prime != <span class="hljs-number">0</span> {
                out &lt;- i
            }
        }
    }()
    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> out
}
</code></pre>
<p><code>PrimeFilter</code>&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x4E5F;&#x662F;&#x5185;&#x90E8;&#x542F;&#x52A8;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;Goroutine&#x751F;&#x4EA7;&#x5E8F;&#x5217;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x8FC7;&#x6EE4;&#x540E;&#x5E8F;&#x5217;&#x5BF9;&#x5E94;&#x7684;&#x7BA1;&#x9053;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x73B0;&#x5728;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5728;<code>main</code>&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x4E2D;&#x9A71;&#x52A8;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x7684;&#x7D20;&#x6570;&#x7B5B;&#x4E86;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> main() {
    ch := GenerateNatural() <span class="hljs-comment">// &#x81EA;&#x7136;&#x6570;&#x5E8F;&#x5217;: 2, 3, 4, ...</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> i := <span class="hljs-number">0</span>; i &lt; <span class="hljs-number">100</span>; i++ {
        prime := &lt;-ch <span class="hljs-comment">// &#x65B0;&#x51FA;&#x73B0;&#x7684;&#x7D20;&#x6570;</span>
        fmt.Printf(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;%v: %v\n&quot;</span>, i+<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, prime)
        ch = PrimeFilter(ch, prime) <span class="hljs-comment">// &#x57FA;&#x4E8E;&#x65B0;&#x7D20;&#x6570;&#x6784;&#x9020;&#x7684;&#x8FC7;&#x6EE4;&#x5668;</span>
    }
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5148;&#x662F;&#x8C03;&#x7528;<code>GenerateNatural()</code>&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x6700;&#x539F;&#x59CB;&#x7684;&#x4ECE;2&#x5F00;&#x59CB;&#x7684;&#x81EA;&#x7136;&#x6570;&#x5E8F;&#x5217;&#x3002;&#x7136;&#x540E;&#x5F00;&#x59CB;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;100&#x6B21;&#x8FED;&#x4EE3;&#x7684;&#x5FAA;&#x73AF;&#xFF0C;&#x5E0C;&#x671B;&#x751F;&#x6210;100&#x4E2A;&#x7D20;&#x6570;&#x3002;&#x5728;&#x6BCF;&#x6B21;&#x5FAA;&#x73AF;&#x8FED;&#x4EE3;&#x5F00;&#x59CB;&#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x5019;&#xFF0C;&#x7BA1;&#x9053;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x7B2C;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x6570;&#x5FC5;&#x5B9A;&#x662F;&#x7D20;&#x6570;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5148;&#x8BFB;&#x53D6;&#x5E76;&#x6253;&#x5370;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x7D20;&#x6570;&#x3002;&#x7136;&#x540E;&#x57FA;&#x4E8E;&#x7BA1;&#x9053;&#x4E2D;&#x5269;&#x4F59;&#x7684;&#x6570;&#x5217;&#xFF0C;&#x5E76;&#x4EE5;&#x5F53;&#x524D;&#x53D6;&#x51FA;&#x7684;&#x7D20;&#x6570;&#x4E3A;&#x7B5B;&#x5B50;&#x8FC7;&#x6EE4;&#x540E;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x7D20;&#x6570;&#x3002;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#x7684;&#x7D20;&#x6570;&#x7B5B;&#x5B50;&#x5BF9;&#x5E94;&#x7684;&#x7BA1;&#x9053;&#x662F;&#x4E32;&#x8054;&#x5728;&#x4E00;&#x8D77;&#x7684;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x7D20;&#x6570;&#x7B5B;&#x5C55;&#x793A;&#x4E86;&#x4E00;&#x79CD;&#x4F18;&#x96C5;&#x7684;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x7ED3;&#x6784;&#x3002;&#x4F46;&#x662F;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x4F53;&#x5904;&#x7406;&#x7684;&#x4EFB;&#x52A1;&#x7C92;&#x5EA6;&#x592A;&#x7EC6;&#x5FAE;&#xFF0C;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x6574;&#x4F53;&#x7684;&#x6027;&#x80FD;&#x5E76;&#x4E0D;&#x7406;&#x60F3;&#x3002;&#x5BF9;&#x4E8E;&#x7EC6;&#x7C92;&#x5EA6;&#x7684;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#xFF0C;CSP&#x6A21;&#x578B;&#x4E2D;&#x56FA;&#x6709;&#x7684;&#x6D88;&#x606F;&#x4F20;&#x9012;&#x7684;&#x4EE3;&#x4EF7;&#x592A;&#x9AD8;&#x4E86;&#xFF08;&#x591A;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x6A21;&#x578B;&#x540C;&#x6837;&#x8981;&#x9762;&#x4E34;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x542F;&#x52A8;&#x7684;&#x4EE3;&#x4EF7;&#xFF09;&#x3002;</p>
<h2 id="167-&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x7684;&#x5B89;&#x5168;&#x9000;&#x51FA;">1.6.7 &#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x7684;&#x5B89;&#x5168;&#x9000;&#x51FA;</h2>
<p>&#x6709;&#x65F6;&#x5019;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x901A;&#x77E5;goroutine&#x505C;&#x6B62;&#x5B83;&#x6B63;&#x5728;&#x5E72;&#x7684;&#x4E8B;&#x60C5;&#xFF0C;&#x7279;&#x522B;&#x662F;&#x5F53;&#x5B83;&#x5DE5;&#x4F5C;&#x5728;&#x9519;&#x8BEF;&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x5411;&#x4E0A;&#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x5019;&#x3002;Go&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x5E76;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x5728;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x76F4;&#x63A5;&#x7EC8;&#x6B62;Goroutine&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#xFF0C;&#x7531;&#x4E8E;&#x8FD9;&#x6837;&#x4F1A;&#x5BFC;&#x81F4;goroutine&#x4E4B;&#x95F4;&#x7684;&#x5171;&#x4EAB;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x5904;&#x5728;&#x672A;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x7684;&#x72B6;&#x6001;&#x4E0A;&#x3002;&#x4F46;&#x662F;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x60F3;&#x8981;&#x9000;&#x51FA;&#x4E24;&#x4E2A;&#x6216;&#x8005;&#x4EFB;&#x610F;&#x591A;&#x4E2A;Goroutine&#x600E;&#x4E48;&#x529E;&#x5462;&#xFF1F;</p>
<p>Go&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x4E2D;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;Goroutine&#x4E4B;&#x95F4;&#x4E3B;&#x8981;&#x4F9D;&#x9760;&#x7BA1;&#x9053;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x901A;&#x4FE1;&#x548C;&#x540C;&#x6B65;&#x3002;&#x8981;&#x540C;&#x65F6;&#x5904;&#x7406;&#x591A;&#x4E2A;&#x7BA1;&#x9053;&#x7684;&#x53D1;&#x9001;&#x6216;&#x63A5;&#x6536;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;<code>select</code>&#x5173;&#x952E;&#x5B57;&#xFF08;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x5173;&#x952E;&#x5B57;&#x548C;&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;&#x7F16;&#x7A0B;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;<code>select</code>&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x7684;&#x884C;&#x4E3A;&#x7C7B;&#x4F3C;&#xFF09;&#x3002;&#x5F53;<code>select</code>&#x6709;&#x591A;&#x4E2A;&#x5206;&#x652F;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x4F1A;&#x968F;&#x673A;&#x9009;&#x62E9;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x53EF;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x7BA1;&#x9053;&#x5206;&#x652F;&#xFF0C;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x53EF;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x7BA1;&#x9053;&#x5206;&#x652F;&#x5219;&#x9009;&#x62E9;<code>default</code>&#x5206;&#x652F;&#xFF0C;&#x5426;&#x5219;&#x4F1A;&#x4E00;&#x76F4;&#x4FDD;&#x5B58;&#x963B;&#x585E;&#x72B6;&#x6001;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x57FA;&#x4E8E;<code>select</code>&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x7684;&#x7BA1;&#x9053;&#x7684;&#x8D85;&#x65F6;&#x5224;&#x65AD;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-keyword">select</span> {
<span class="hljs-keyword">case</span> v := &lt;-in:
    fmt.Println(v)
<span class="hljs-keyword">case</span> &lt;-time.After(time.Second):
    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// &#x8D85;&#x65F6;</span>
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x901A;&#x8FC7;<code>select</code>&#x7684;<code>default</code>&#x5206;&#x652F;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x975E;&#x963B;&#x585E;&#x7684;&#x7BA1;&#x9053;&#x53D1;&#x9001;&#x6216;&#x63A5;&#x6536;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-keyword">select</span> {
<span class="hljs-keyword">case</span> v := &lt;-in:
    fmt.Println(v)
<span class="hljs-keyword">default</span>:
    <span class="hljs-comment">// &#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x6570;&#x636E;</span>
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x901A;&#x8FC7;<code>select</code>&#x6765;&#x963B;&#x6B62;<code>main</code>&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x9000;&#x51FA;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> main() {
    <span class="hljs-comment">// do some thins</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">select</span>{}
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x5F53;&#x6709;&#x591A;&#x4E2A;&#x7BA1;&#x9053;&#x5747;&#x53EF;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;<code>select</code>&#x4F1A;&#x968F;&#x673A;&#x9009;&#x62E9;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x7BA1;&#x9053;&#x3002;&#x57FA;&#x4E8E;&#x8BE5;&#x7279;&#x6027;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x7528;<code>select</code>&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x968F;&#x673A;&#x6570;&#x5E8F;&#x5217;&#x7684;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> main() {
    ch := <span class="hljs-built_in">make</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">chan</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>)
    <span class="hljs-keyword">go</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">func</span>() {
        <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> {
            <span class="hljs-keyword">select</span> {
            <span class="hljs-keyword">case</span> ch &lt;- <span class="hljs-number">0</span>:
            <span class="hljs-keyword">case</span> ch &lt;- <span class="hljs-number">1</span>:
            }
        }
    }()

    <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> v := <span class="hljs-keyword">range</span> ch {
        fmt.Println(v)
    }
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;<code>select</code>&#x548C;<code>default</code>&#x5206;&#x652F;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5F88;&#x5BB9;&#x6613;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;Goroutine&#x7684;&#x9000;&#x51FA;&#x63A7;&#x5236;:</p>
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> worker(cannel <span class="hljs-keyword">chan</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">bool</span>) {
    <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> {
        <span class="hljs-keyword">select</span> {
        <span class="hljs-keyword">default</span>:
            fmt.Println(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;hello&quot;</span>)
            <span class="hljs-comment">// &#x6B63;&#x5E38;&#x5DE5;&#x4F5C;</span>
        <span class="hljs-keyword">case</span> &lt;-cannel:
            <span class="hljs-comment">// &#x9000;&#x51FA;</span>
        }
    }
}

<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> main() {
    cannel := <span class="hljs-built_in">make</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">chan</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">bool</span>)
    <span class="hljs-keyword">go</span> worker(cannel)

    time.Sleep(time.Second)
    cannel &lt;- <span class="hljs-literal">true</span>
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x4F46;&#x662F;&#x7BA1;&#x9053;&#x7684;&#x53D1;&#x9001;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x548C;&#x63A5;&#x6536;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x4E00;&#x5BF9;&#x5E94;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x8981;&#x505C;&#x6B62;&#x591A;&#x4E2A;Goroutine&#x90A3;&#x4E48;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x540C;&#x6837;&#x6570;&#x91CF;&#x7684;&#x7BA1;&#x9053;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x4EE3;&#x4EF7;&#x592A;&#x5927;&#x4E86;&#x3002;&#x5176;&#x5B9E;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;<code>close</code>&#x5173;&#x95ED;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x7BA1;&#x9053;&#x6765;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x5E7F;&#x64AD;&#x7684;&#x6548;&#x679C;&#xFF0C;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x4ECE;&#x5173;&#x95ED;&#x7BA1;&#x9053;&#x63A5;&#x6536;&#x7684;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x5747;&#x4F1A;&#x6536;&#x5230;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x96F6;&#x503C;&#x548C;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x53EF;&#x9009;&#x7684;&#x5931;&#x8D25;&#x6807;&#x5FD7;&#x3002;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> worker(cannel <span class="hljs-keyword">chan</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">bool</span>) {
    <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> {
        <span class="hljs-keyword">select</span> {
        <span class="hljs-keyword">default</span>:
            fmt.Println(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;hello&quot;</span>)
            <span class="hljs-comment">// &#x6B63;&#x5E38;&#x5DE5;&#x4F5C;</span>
        <span class="hljs-keyword">case</span> &lt;-cannel:
            <span class="hljs-comment">// &#x9000;&#x51FA;</span>
        }
    }
}

<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> main() {
    cancel := <span class="hljs-built_in">make</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">chan</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">bool</span>)

    <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> i := <span class="hljs-number">0</span>; i &lt; <span class="hljs-number">10</span>; i++ {
        <span class="hljs-keyword">go</span> worker(cancel)
    }

    time.Sleep(time.Second)
    <span class="hljs-built_in">close</span>(cancel)
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;<code>close</code>&#x6765;&#x5173;&#x95ED;<code>cancel</code>&#x7BA1;&#x9053;&#x5411;&#x591A;&#x4E2A;Goroutine&#x5E7F;&#x64AD;&#x9000;&#x51FA;&#x7684;&#x6307;&#x4EE4;&#x3002;&#x4E0D;&#x8FC7;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x4F9D;&#x7136;&#x4E0D;&#x591F;&#x7A33;&#x5065;&#xFF1A;&#x5F53;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;Goroutine&#x6536;&#x5230;&#x9000;&#x51FA;&#x6307;&#x4EE4;&#x9000;&#x51FA;&#x65F6;&#x4E00;&#x822C;&#x4F1A;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x4E00;&#x5B9A;&#x7684;&#x6E05;&#x7406;&#x5DE5;&#x4F5C;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x662F;&#x9000;&#x51FA;&#x7684;&#x6E05;&#x7406;&#x5DE5;&#x4F5C;&#x5E76;&#x4E0D;&#x80FD;&#x4FDD;&#x8BC1;&#x88AB;&#x5B8C;&#x6210;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;<code>main</code>&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x5E76;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x7B49;&#x5F85;&#x5404;&#x4E2A;&#x5DE5;&#x4F5C;Goroutine&#x9000;&#x51FA;&#x5DE5;&#x4F5C;&#x5B8C;&#x6210;&#x7684;&#x673A;&#x5236;&#x3002;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x7ED3;&#x5408;<code>sync.WaitGroup</code>&#x6765;&#x6539;&#x8FDB;:</p>
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> worker(wg *sync.WaitGroup, cannel <span class="hljs-keyword">chan</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">bool</span>) {
    <span class="hljs-keyword">defer</span> wg.Done()

    <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> {
        <span class="hljs-keyword">select</span> {
        <span class="hljs-keyword">default</span>:
            fmt.Println(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;hello&quot;</span>)
        <span class="hljs-keyword">case</span> &lt;-cannel:
            <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span>
        }
    }
}

<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> main() {
    cancel := <span class="hljs-built_in">make</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">chan</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">bool</span>)

    <span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> wg sync.WaitGroup
    <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> i := <span class="hljs-number">0</span>; i &lt; <span class="hljs-number">10</span>; i++ {
        wg.Add(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)
        <span class="hljs-keyword">go</span> worker(&amp;wg, cancel)
    }

    time.Sleep(time.Second)
    <span class="hljs-built_in">close</span>(cancel)
    wg.Wait()
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x73B0;&#x5728;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;&#x5DE5;&#x4F5C;&#x8005;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x4F53;&#x7684;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x3001;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x3001;&#x6682;&#x505C;&#x548C;&#x9000;&#x51FA;&#x90FD;&#x662F;&#x5728;<code>main</code>&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x7684;&#x5B89;&#x5168;&#x63A7;&#x5236;&#x4E4B;&#x4E0B;&#x4E86;&#x3002;</p>
<h2 id="168-context&#x5305;">1.6.8 context&#x5305;</h2>
<p>&#x5728;Go1.7&#x53D1;&#x5E03;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x6807;&#x51C6;&#x5E93;&#x589E;&#x52A0;&#x4E86;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;<code>context</code>&#x5305;&#xFF0C;&#x7528;&#x6765;&#x7B80;&#x5316;&#x5BF9;&#x4E8E;&#x5904;&#x7406;&#x5355;&#x4E2A;&#x8BF7;&#x6C42;&#x7684;&#x591A;&#x4E2A;Goroutine&#x4E4B;&#x95F4;&#x4E0E;&#x8BF7;&#x6C42;&#x57DF;&#x7684;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x3001;&#x8D85;&#x65F6;&#x548C;&#x9000;&#x51FA;&#x7B49;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#xFF0C;&#x5B98;&#x65B9;&#x6709;&#x535A;&#x6587;&#x5BF9;&#x6B64;&#x505A;&#x4E86;&#x4E13;&#x95E8;&#x4ECB;&#x7ECD;&#x3002;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x7528;<code>context</code>&#x5305;&#x6765;&#x91CD;&#x65B0;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x524D;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x7EBF;&#x7A0B;&#x5B89;&#x5168;&#x9000;&#x51FA;&#x6216;&#x8D85;&#x65F6;&#x7684;&#x63A7;&#x5236;:</p>
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> worker(ctx context.Context, wg *sync.WaitGroup) error {
    <span class="hljs-keyword">defer</span> wg.Done()

    <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> {
        <span class="hljs-keyword">select</span> {
        <span class="hljs-keyword">default</span>:
            fmt.Println(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;hello&quot;</span>)
        <span class="hljs-keyword">case</span> &lt;-ctx.Done():
            <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> ctx.Err()
        }
    }
}

<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> main() {
    ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), <span class="hljs-number">10</span>*time.Second)

    <span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> wg sync.WaitGroup
    <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> i := <span class="hljs-number">0</span>; i &lt; <span class="hljs-number">10</span>; i++ {
        wg.Add(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)
        <span class="hljs-keyword">go</span> worker(ctx, &amp;wg)
    }

    time.Sleep(time.Second)
    cancel()

    wg.Wait()
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x5F53;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x4F53;&#x8D85;&#x65F6;&#x6216;<code>main</code>&#x4E3B;&#x52A8;&#x505C;&#x6B62;&#x5DE5;&#x4F5C;&#x8005;Goroutine&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;&#x5DE5;&#x4F5C;&#x8005;&#x90FD;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5B89;&#x5168;&#x9000;&#x51FA;&#x3002;</p>
<p>Go&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x662F;&#x5E26;&#x5185;&#x5B58;&#x81EA;&#x52A8;&#x56DE;&#x6536;&#x7279;&#x6027;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x6B64;&#x5185;&#x5B58;&#x4E00;&#x822C;&#x4E0D;&#x4F1A;&#x6CC4;&#x6F0F;&#x3002;&#x5728;&#x524D;&#x9762;&#x7D20;&#x6570;&#x7B5B;&#x7684;&#x4F8B;&#x5B50;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;<code>GenerateNatural</code>&#x548C;<code>PrimeFilter</code>&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x5185;&#x90E8;&#x90FD;&#x542F;&#x52A8;&#x4E86;&#x65B0;&#x7684;Goroutine&#xFF0C;&#x5F53;<code>main</code>&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x4E0D;&#x518D;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x7BA1;&#x9053;&#x65F6;&#x540E;&#x53F0;Goroutine&#x6709;&#x6CC4;&#x6F0F;&#x7684;&#x98CE;&#x9669;&#x3002;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;<code>context</code>&#x5305;&#x6765;&#x907F;&#x514D;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x95EE;&#x9898;&#xFF0C;&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x662F;&#x6539;&#x8FDB;&#x7684;&#x7D20;&#x6570;&#x7B5B;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-comment">// &#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x81EA;&#x7136;&#x6570;&#x5E8F;&#x5217;&#x7684;&#x7BA1;&#x9053;: 2, 3, 4, ...</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> GenerateNatural(ctx context.Context) <span class="hljs-keyword">chan</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> {
    ch := <span class="hljs-built_in">make</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">chan</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>)
    <span class="hljs-keyword">go</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">func</span>() {
        <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> i := <span class="hljs-number">2</span>; ; i++ {
            <span class="hljs-keyword">select</span> {
            <span class="hljs-keyword">case</span> &lt;- ctx.Done():
                <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span>
            <span class="hljs-keyword">case</span> ch &lt;- i:
            }
        }
    }()
    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> ch
}

<span class="hljs-comment">// &#x7BA1;&#x9053;&#x8FC7;&#x6EE4;&#x5668;: &#x5220;&#x9664;&#x80FD;&#x88AB;&#x7D20;&#x6570;&#x6574;&#x9664;&#x7684;&#x6570;</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> PrimeFilter(ctx context.Context, in &lt;-<span class="hljs-keyword">chan</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>, prime <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>) <span class="hljs-keyword">chan</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> {
    out := <span class="hljs-built_in">make</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">chan</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>)
    <span class="hljs-keyword">go</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">func</span>() {
        <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> {
            <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> i := &lt;-in; i%prime != <span class="hljs-number">0</span> {
                <span class="hljs-keyword">select</span> {
                <span class="hljs-keyword">case</span> &lt;- ctx.Done():
                    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span>
                <span class="hljs-keyword">case</span> out &lt;- i:
                }
            }
        }
    }()
    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> out
}

<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> main() {
    <span class="hljs-comment">// &#x901A;&#x8FC7; Context &#x63A7;&#x5236;&#x540E;&#x53F0;Goroutine&#x72B6;&#x6001;</span>
    ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())

    ch := GenerateNatural(ctx) <span class="hljs-comment">// &#x81EA;&#x7136;&#x6570;&#x5E8F;&#x5217;: 2, 3, 4, ...</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> i := <span class="hljs-number">0</span>; i &lt; <span class="hljs-number">100</span>; i++ {
        prime := &lt;-ch <span class="hljs-comment">// &#x65B0;&#x51FA;&#x73B0;&#x7684;&#x7D20;&#x6570;</span>
        fmt.Printf(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;%v: %v\n&quot;</span>, i+<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, prime)
        ch = PrimeFilter(ctx, ch, prime) <span class="hljs-comment">// &#x57FA;&#x4E8E;&#x65B0;&#x7D20;&#x6570;&#x6784;&#x9020;&#x7684;&#x8FC7;&#x6EE4;&#x5668;</span>
    }

    cancel()
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x5F53;main&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x5B8C;&#x6210;&#x5DE5;&#x4F5C;&#x524D;&#xFF0C;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x8C03;&#x7528;<code>cancel()</code>&#x6765;&#x901A;&#x77E5;&#x540E;&#x53F0;Goroutine&#x9000;&#x51FA;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x6837;&#x5C31;&#x907F;&#x514D;&#x4E86;Goroutine&#x7684;&#x6CC4;&#x6F0F;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x975E;&#x5E38;&#x5927;&#x7684;&#x4E3B;&#x9898;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x8FD9;&#x91CC;&#x53EA;&#x662F;&#x5C55;&#x793A;&#x51E0;&#x4E2A;&#x975E;&#x5E38;&#x57FA;&#x7840;&#x7684;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x7F16;&#x7A0B;&#x7684;&#x4F8B;&#x5B50;&#x3002;&#x5B98;&#x65B9;&#x6587;&#x6863;&#x4E5F;&#x6709;&#x5F88;&#x591A;&#x5173;&#x4E8E;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x7F16;&#x7A0B;&#x7684;&#x8BA8;&#x8BBA;&#xFF0C;&#x56FD;&#x5185;&#x4E5F;&#x6709;&#x4E13;&#x95E8;&#x8BA8;&#x8BBA;Go&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x7F16;&#x7A0B;&#x7684;&#x4E66;&#x7C4D;&#x3002;&#x8BFB;&#x8005;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x6839;&#x636E;&#x81EA;&#x5DF1;&#x7684;&#x9700;&#x6C42;&#x67E5;&#x9605;&#x76F8;&#x5173;&#x7684;&#x6587;&#x732E;&#x3002;</p>

                                
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